Nike Vaporfly 4% Review

The Nike Vaporfly 4% is a much-hyped shoe, which is based on the shoes Nike developed for their attempt to break the 2-hour marathon. It's an expensive shoe, retailing for $250, and even at that price it's hard to find. There are rumors that Nike are restricting supplies to drive up interest. The shoe is unusual in that it has a carbon fiber plate running through the midsole. Given all the hype, I was not expecting much from the Vaporfly 4%, but there are aspects to the shoe that have really impressed me. I'd say it's a mixture of the awesome and awful, though not in quite the ways I expected. My initial impressions are:

• The shoe has remarkable cushioning for its weight, with my measurements putting it close to the top of the table. I ran with a Hoka Clayton on one foot and the Vaporfly on the other and the Clayton felt hard and dead by comparison. The Vaporfly uses a new type of foam made of Pebax, a compound that has previously been used in harder materials like Mizuno's Wave Plate. It will be interesting to see this foam in other shoes, especially something closer to a "racing flat". There is a rumored Reebok FloatRide Racer using Pebax foam, but no details.
• When you wear the shoe, it has an amazing amount of bounce. It's far more than you get in TPU shoes like the Altra Escalante, and feels like there's a spring under your foot. It seems like the carbon fiber plate is acting more as a spring for the rear of the shoe than for toe off. This bounce is immediately obvious, even walking around, and feels different to every other shoe I've tried. Even at the end of a marathon length run the bounce is noticeable and helped me keep up the pace.
• I couldn't detect much difference in toe off from any other shoe, which was disappointing. The forefoot is quite stiff compared with other shoes, but given the forces involved at toe off, this doesn't seem to be enough to make much difference. Of course, a tiny difference in efficiency won't be noticeable immediately, but could make quite a difference to your finish time.
• When I ran it the Vaporfly using a pure forefoot landing (without any heel contact) I found the Vaporfly lost all the bounce and felt very dead. (If you're a pure forefoot runner, I'd look elsewhere.)
• The Vaporfly claims a 10mm drop, and my measurements showed 12mm, but this is reduced to 8mm when loaded. This is normally way more than I can tolerate, but I had few problems in the Vaporfly.
• The rear of the shoe feels quite unstable, rather like I'm on a balance foam mat rather than a shoe. It's like the shoe is only supporting me heel directly under the ball, which is rather disconcerting.
• The forefoot of the shoe is even worse, with the area under the ball of the foot lower and softer than the rest of the forefoot. This means that the shoe forces your foot to pronate more than it naturally would. I measured the area under the ball of the foot as 1-2mm lower than the rest of the forefoot under load. I suspect that the carbon fiber plate does not extend under the ball of the foot for some reason, though it's hard to prove. If I try bending the forefoot of the shoe with my hand the area under the ball of the foot doesn't seem to be as stiff.
• I found that I had a tendon pain in my ankle as my calf muscle subconsciously attempted to limit my foot rotation. I had to consciously relax and allow my foot to rotate in, which is rather disconcerting to say the least. Normally I only get this with worn out shoes.
• The outsole has surprisingly little grip, feeling slick and unsure on anything that isn't a firm surface.
• I found the toe box was not as bad as I expected, though running 20 miles without cutting open the toe box resulted in a minor blister.

Overall, I feel like I'm faster in the Vaporfly than other shoes by a noticeable amount, which is quite astonishing. This is hard to confirm, but my Heart Rate and perceived exertion seem noticeably lower for a given pace and Stryd Power Estimate. On the other hand, I feel like the Vaporfly will increase my injury rate dramatically, putting more stress on my ankles and thus my knees. (I use The Science of Running Shoes as the basis of how I test running shoes and what you should look for in a running shoe.)

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  Nike Vaporfly 4% top

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  Nike Vaporfly 4% outside

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  Nike Vaporfly 4% bottom

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  Nike Vaporfly 4% inside

1 Characteristics

• Cushioning . The cushioning of the Vaporfly is impressive, but the numbers on my comparison chart below don't really convey the level of shock absorption and bounce. One way of conveying this is that the Vaporfly is to a Hoka what a Hoka is to a racing flat. This sense of bounce is immediately obvious when you first put the Vaporfly on. You can tell the difference just standing in them, and the difference when walking can be a little disconcerting. I've found the bounce is helpful to me even at the end of a marathon length run, when normally fatigue makes any shoe seem less cushioned than at the start. This cushioning is not without its issues however, and the Vaporfly feels quite unstable. It's like your foot is balancing on a ball rather than a block of foam. The height of the sole exacerbates this instability, and taking fast, tight corners requires some care. The instability also creates extra stress on my ankles, and I've found some discomfort around the Achilles, as well as tender calves.
  
  

  Comparing the Vaporfly with the Hoka Clayton.
• Drop. Normally the massive drop of the Vaporfly, which I measured at 12mm, would cause me all sorts of issues when running, but I've got on surprisingly well with it. Part of this might be that the 12mm drop is reduced to 8mm when worn, and might be even less under the impact of running. I have had issues with my heel scraping during the float phase of my stride, but this is not as bad as other shoes. If I'd have had to guess at the drop (something I can generally do fairly well), I'd have put the drop at about 4-5mm. That's more than I'd like, but not problematic.
• Structure. The structure of the Vaporfly comes from its carbon fiber plate. There doesn't appear to be any attempt to reduce pronation, and the carbon fiber plate actually seems to actively increase pronation. I have not dissected my pair, but it feels very much like the carbon fiber plate doesn't extend under the ball of the foot. Instead, it seems like the plate runs the full length of the shoe, but only under the four outside metatarsal bones. Towards the end of a marathon length training run the edge of the plate can become quite uncomfortable, and I've had some soreness from it. Under load, the ball of the foot is lower than the other four metatarsal heads, something I normally find when a shoe is worn out due to the midsole foam collapsing.
  
  

  This is the edge of the carbon fiber plate, which seems to be about the same on either side.
  
  
  

  From the side, the profile of the carbon fiber plate follows the purple line I've drawn, not the black line that you might expect.
• Flexibility. The Vaporfly's carbon fiber plate obviously reduces its flexibility. It's far from the least flexible shoe I've tested, but the carbon fiber plate makes it more of a spring, where most maximally cushioned shoes tend to be rigid. As noted above, I'm surprised how little I noticed the toe off spring. I've tested the VKTRY insole, which is an aftermarket carbon fiber plate that you can put in existing shoes. I found the benefits of VKTRY were hard to notice, but it's hard to detect things that can make a significant difference to your running performance. After all, 1% difference in running economy can be the difference between success and failure in a race, but I doubt you'd ever be able to perceive the change. The carbon fiber plate in the Vaporfly is fairly deep in the midsole, so there are no issues with it feeling hard under foot, which is a major downside to the VKTRY insole.
• Outsole. You can see the hard rubber outsole as the black areas on the sole of the Vaporfly. The outsole seems to be fairly hardwearing, but doesn't offer as much grip as I'd like. The outsole is placed so that most of the contact areas are protected, but there's still a lot of exposed midsole that's softer.
• Shape. The Vaporfly shape doesn't match the human foot, so the toe box compresses the toes. I found the Vaporfly is not as bad as most running shoes, but it did give me toe blisters until I cut open the toe box. (I recommend cutting open the toe box of virtually all running shoes, with the exception of a few shoes like some Altra shoes. When you have some worn out shoes, you should try cutting open the toe box. I've found that it's a big improvement, allowing my toes to move naturally and engage for toe off, as well as reducing the possibility of blisters.).
  
  

  The toe box cut open.
• Upper. The upper is nicely breathable and light weight. There's no padding in the upper except for around the ankle opening, though the upper material doubles over to support the laces. I've found the upper quite comfortable up to marathon distance (I've not run further than that in them so far.)
  
  

  The doubling over of the upper to form the eye holes for the laces.
  
  
  

  The upper backlit to show the breathability.
• Tongue. The tongue is a traditional style, without connections to the upper except at the base. It's thin and unpadded, but comfortable and I had no issues with pressure from the laces. I did find that the tongue tends to slip to the side a little, which is an annoyance, but nothing more.
  
  

  The tongue slipping to the side.
• Lacing. The laces work well and remained tied.
• Heel Counter. The Vaporfly has no heel counter, just the stiffness of the upper to keep it's shape.

2 A Comparison with other Recommended Shoes

If you're looking for "the best of the best" running shoe, here are my top picks. Of course, the answer will depend a little on what you're looking for, so I have recommendations for various categories. Best All Round Shoe. The Altra Escalante is my current all-round favorite. It has plenty of cushioning for its weight, it has a very springy midsole, it lasts well, and it has a shape that's closer to the shape of a human foot than most shoes. It's a great shoe for any runner, including those Starting to run. It's also a fairly easy shoe to find due to its popularity. Best Maximalist Shoe: If you want something massively cushioned, then I'd recommend the Saucony Kinvara 8. It's remarkably light and remarkably cushioned, beating Hoka at their own game. Best Optimal Shoe: For those looking to trade cushioning for speed, the Nike Zoom Streak LT 3 was my top pick, but the latest version (LT 4) falls short of it's predecessor. There are lots of great optimal running shoes, which provide just enough cushioning with light weight and minimal frills, but all have their weak spots. Probably the best option at the moment is the Altra Vanish-R, which offers great cushioning for just over 5oz/150g. Fastest Shoe: If you really want speed, then check out the Nike Vaporfly 4%. It's light, massively cushioned, and has a carbon fiber plate. Nothing comes close, not even the now defunct New Balance RC5000‏‎ or New Balance RC5000v2‏‎. There are a number of caveats; it's really expensive, it's really hard to find, and there's a significant injury risk. Best Minimalist Shoe: Merrell Trail Glove. I recommend the trail glove for road running in spite of the 'trail' moniker. It's not a fast shoe by any means, but it's comfortable and will last well. All Terrain Shoe. For trail running, I've become a fan of Altra, and I think their best shoe is the the Altra Timp, though the Altra Lone Peak is really close. Honorable Mention: It's not really a running shoe, but the Vivobarefoot Ra is comfortable, minimalist and can more or less pass as a dress shoe. I've worn mine to weddings with a suit and they've not looked out of place. You can run in the Ra, but the leather means it doesn't breathe well.

For a more detailed on running shoes see the Recommendations for Best Running Shoes. This table lists the key attributes of What to Look for in Running Shoes. For more detailed information, on the shoes see detailed shoe comparison.

Full Review	Brand	Name	Rating	Recommended price	Benefit	Weight (oz)	Penalty (sec/mile)	Forefoot Thickness	Heel Thickness	Loaded Drop mm	Cushioning	Flexibility
Saucony Type A Review	Saucony	A/A7	Recommended	$100	6.4	6.7	12.1	19	22	1	4.3	7
Saucony Type A6 Review	Saucony	A6	Highly Recommended	$100	8.2	6.1	9.5	17	21	4	5.0	7
Saucony Type A8 Review	Saucony	A8	Highly Recommended	$90	7.5	6.2	9.7	19	20	-1	4.7	7
Adidas Adios Boost 2 Review	Adidas	Adios	Worth considering	$140	4.7	8.6	13.4	17	27	11	4.0	6
Hoka Bondi 5 Review	Hoka	Bondi	Recommended	$150	6.1	11.6	18.1	38	42	5	7.1	2
Hoka Clayton 2 Review	Hoka	Clayton2	Highly Recommended	$150	9.1	8.3	12.9	23	28	1	7.5	5
Hoka Clifton 4 Review	Hoka	Clifton4	Worth considering	$130	7.7	9.3	14.5	30	35	10	7.2	3
ON Cloudflash Review	On Cloud	Cloudflash	Worth considering	$180	4.4	8.3	14.6	19	26	7	3.7	6
On Cloudracer Review	On Cloud	Cloudracer	Worth considering	$130	5.7	8.2	12.8	19	27	5	4.7	7
ON Cloud X Review	On Cloud	CloudX	Not recommended	$140	4.5	8.3	16.3	21	27	7	3.8	7
Mizuno Wave Cruise Review	Mizuno	Cruise	Worth considering	$120	6.6	5.9	12.5	17	20	7	3.9	6
Newton Distance IV Review	Newton	Distance	Worth considering	$155	7.5	9.1	14.2	26	31	3	6.8	5
Asics Gel DS Racer 10 Review	Asics	DS Racer	Worth considering	$110	8.2	7.0	10.9	21	26	6	5.8	5
Altra Duo Review	Altra	Duo	Recommended	$130	6.0	8.4	13.1	29	29	1	5.0	5
Mizuno Wave Ekiden 8 Review	Mizuno	Ekiden	Worth considering	$115	5.7	5.7	14.6	13	18	6	3.2	8
Saucony Endorphin 2 Review	Saucony	Endorphin 2	Worth considering	$115	8.0	5.1	9.6	15	13	-1	4.1	8
Adidas Energy Boost Review	Adidas	Energy	Worth considering	$160	7.2	10.0	15.6	20	30	7	7.2	5
Altra Escalante Review	Altra	Escalante	Best of the Best	$130	9.1	8.7	13.5	28	25	-1	7.9	6
Altra Escalante 1.5 Review	Altra	Escalante 1.5	Best of the Best	$130	8.2	9.0	14.0	26	27	-1	7.4	7
Saucony Fastwitch Review	Saucony	Fastwitch	Highly Recommended	$90	9.5	7.1	11.1	20	22	4	6.8	7
Topo Fli-Lyte 2 Review	Topo	Fli-Lyte2	Highly Recommended	$100	6.7	9.1	14.2	24	26	3	6.1	5
Reebok Floatride Run Review	Reebok	Floatride	Worth considering	$150	7.7	9.6	14.9	28	34	10	7.4	5
Saucony Freedom Review	Saucony	Freedom	Recommended	$160	5.4	10.7	16.6	25	29	3	5.8	6
Skechers GORun 4 Review	Skechers	GORun	Not recommended	$100	6.1	7.5	11.7	15	23	3	4.5	7
Skechers GOrun Ultra 2 Review	Skechers	GRU	Worth considering	$90	7.5	10.0	15.6	28	34	8	7.5	4
Asics GT 2000 Review	Asics	GT 2000	Not recommended	$120	4.8	11.2	17.4	28	35	5	5.4	2
New Balance Hanzo S Review	New Balance	Hanzo	Worth considering	$110	7.6	6.9	10.7	21	19	2	5.2	5
Hoka Hupana Review	Hoka	Hupana	Recommended	$115	6.1	8.9	13.9	31	36	7	5.4	4
Asics Gel Hyper Speed 7 Review	Asics	Hyper Speed	Highly Recommended	$75	10.9	6.3	9.8	22	26	5	6.8	6
Altra Instinct 4.0 Review	Altra	Instinct 4.0	Worth considering	$120	6.0	9.8	15.3	29	25	-1	5.9	5
Asics Tarther Kainos 3 Review	Asics	Kainos	Worth considering	$130	10.0	6.9	10.7	17	27	9	6.8	6
Altra King MT 1.5 Review	Altra	King MT	Recommended	$140	7.5	10.7	16.7	19	21	3	8.0	5
Saucony Kinvara 8 Review	Saucony	Kinvara 8	Best of the Best	$110	9.3	8.6	13.4	26	31	3	8.0	5
Altra Lone Peak 3.5 Review	Altra	Lone Peak	Highly Recommended	$120	4.2	11.4	17.7	24	25	4	4.8	5
Nike Zoom Streak LT 3 Review	Nike	LT3	Best of the Best	$80	9.8	5.4	8.4	16	21	5	5.3	7
Nike Zoom Streak LT 4 Review	Nike	LT4	Recommended	$90	8.5	5.5	8.5	15	21	3	4.6	6
Nike LunarSpider R5 Review	Nike	LunarSpider	Recommended	$125	6.9	6.7	10.4	17	21	3	4.6	6
Hoka Mafate Speed Review	Hoka	Mafate	Best of the Best	$170	7.6	11.9	18.5	39	40	4	9.0	1
Pearl Izumi EM Road N0 v2 Review	Pearl	N0	Highly Recommended	$100	7.9	6.5	10.1	14	20	4	5.2	8
Saucony Nomad Review	Saucony	Nomad	Worth considering	$110	4.3	10.5	17.2	25	27	2	4.5	4
Hoka Odyssey Review	Hoka	Odyssey	Highly Recommended	$130	8.5	9.4	14.6	37	45	5	8.0	3
Altra Olympus 2.5 Review	Altra	Olympus	Highly Recommended	$150	4.6	11.8	18.4	35	34	0	5.4	6
Altra One 3.0 Review	Altra	One	Recommended	$100	6.1	8.8	13.7	23	23	0	5.4	6
Altra Paradigm 4.0 Review	Altra	Paradigm	Highly Recommended	$150	5.3	11.0	17.1	28	30	5	5.8	8
Asics Piranha SP 5 Review	Asics	Piranha	Recommended	$100	10.1	4.2	6.5	11	15	3	4.2	9
Brooks PureFlow 5 Review	Brooks	PureFlow	Worth considering	$110	6.0	9.7	15.1	26	29	5	5.8	8
Salming Race Review	Salming	Race	Worth considering	$130	6.9	6.5	10.1	16	19	4	4.5	6
Altra Escalante Racer Review	Altra	Racer	Highly Recommended	$140	6.6	7.6	11.8	24	26	6	5.0	8
New Balance RC1600 v2 Review	New Balance	RC1600	Highly Recommended	$110	8.8	5.6	8.7	15	21	5	4.9	8
New Balance RC5000v2 Review	New Balance	RC5000v2	Best of the Best	$125	14.2	4.0	6.2	13	21	6	5.7	7
Skechers GoRun Ride 3 Review	Skechers	Ride	Worth considering	$85	5.9	8.5	13.2	18	28	6	5.0	8
Nike RN Distance 2 Review	Nike	RNDist2	Worth considering	$120	8.0	9.2	14.3	25	28	4	7.4	7
Inov-8 RoadXTreme 220 Review	Inov-8	RXT-220	Worth considering	$120	5.2	8.0	18.2	14	17	3	4.2	8
Salomon Sense Ride Review	Salomon	Sense	Worth considering	$120	8.5	10.0	15.6	26	29	6	8.5	0
Altra Solstice Review	Altra	Solstice	Highly Recommended	$90	7.1	8.1	12.5	23	25	0	5.7	5
Topo ST-2 Review	Topo	ST-2	Highly Recommended	$90	8.2	7.3	11.4	20	18	0	6.0	7
Hoka Stinson Lite Review	Hoka	Stinson	Highly Recommended	$160	7.3	11.6	18.1	35	40	6	8.5	0
Altra Superior	Altra	Superior	Highly Recommended	$110	5.6	9.9	15.5	21	25	-1	5.5	4
Adidas Takumi Sen 3 Review	Adidas	Takumi Sen 3	Highly Recommended	$160	7.7	6.6	10.2	17	21	4	5.1	5
Topo Terraventure	Topo	Terraventure	Review Pending	$110	2.6	10.8	27.5	24	24	0	2.8	10
Altra Timp Review	Altra	Timp	Best of the Best	$130	3.7	11.6	18.1	30	31	-1	4.3	6
Altra Torin 2.0 Review	Altra	Torin	Worth considering	$125	3.4	9.6	20.7	30	25	1	3.3	9
Altra Torin 3.5 Review	Altra	Torin 3.5	Worth considering	$125	5.8	9.3	14.5	27	28	0	5.4	8
Hoka Tracer Review	Hoka	Tracer	Recommended	$130	7.2	7.4	11.5	21	24	2	5.3	5
Merrell Trail Glove 4 Review	Merrell	Trail Glove 4	Best of the Best	$100	3.4	8.4	23.8	13	13	0	2.8	10
Topo Tribute Review	Topo	Tribute	Recommended	$100	5.9	7.3	11.4	20	18	-1	4.3	6
Mizuno Wave Universe 5 Review	Mizuno	Universe	Highly Recommended	$125	10.7	3.1	10.6	9	12	1	3.3	9
Altra Vanish-R Review	Altra	Vanish-R	Recommended	$100	16.1	5.3	8.2	19	21	4	8.5	6
Merrell Vapor Glove 3 Review	Merrell	Vapor Glove 3	Highly Recommended	$85	2.1	6.1	27.6	6	5	0	1.3	10
Nike Vaporfly 4% Review	Nike	Vaporfly	Best of the Best	$250	10.4	7.2	11.2	25	37	8	7.5	2
New Balance Vazee Pace Review	New Balance	Vazee Pace	Worth considering	$110	6.0	8.6	13.4	18	24	6	5.2	5
Asics TartherZeal 3 Review	Asics	Zeal	Worth considering	$140	10.9	6.3	9.8	17	27	9	6.8	6
Saucony Zealot 3 Review	Saucony	Zealot3	Recommended	$130	8.9	9.5	14.8	29	32	4	8.5	6
Nike Zoom Fly Review	Nike	Zoom Fly	Worth considering	$150	8.3	8.7	13.5	29	36	8	7.2	3

It's not a running shoe, but I love the Hoka Tor Ultra hiking boot and I've tested the Altra Lone Peak Boot, the Hoka Tor Speed 2, and the Inov-8 Roclite 325 hiking boots
Older shoe reviews: Saucony Hattori Review, Mizuno Cursoris Review, Skechers GO Bionic 2 Review, Hoka Clifton Review, Saucony Virrata 2 Review, Brooks PureCadence 3 Review, Brooks PureConnect 3 Review, Brooks PureFlow 3 Review, Skechers GO Bionic 2 Review, New Balance 980 Review, Brooks Transcend 2 Review, Hoka Huaka Review, Patagonia EVERlong Review, Asics 33-DFA Review, Hoka Conquest Review, Saucony Cortana Review, Puma Faas 100 R Review, Saucony Fastwitch Review, Nike Free Review, Asics Gel Lyte 33 Review, Skechers GOmeb Speed Review, Skechers GOrun Ultra Road Review, Nike LunaRacer Review, Altra Paradigm Review.