Changes

Minimalist running shoes have little or no less cushioning, very thin more flexible soles, and are less of a high reduction (drop) between the same height at the front heel and backforefoot. It is similar to barefoot runningThe shoes below vary in their characteristics, but with some providing just a little extra protection from abrasionthin barrier between your feet and the ground, while others are an evolution of the traditional running shoe. Many of these shoes are also recommend for the [http://posetech.com / Pose method] of running. =Where to buy=I generally recommend buying shoes from [http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust= Options Self&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2F RoadRunnerSports.com] as they allow you to run in the shoes and still return them for an exchange. It's hard to know how a shoe works for you until you've run in it for Minimalist footwear some distance. Another good option is [http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=Self&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zappos.com%2F Zappos.com] which provides free shipping both ways, which allows you to spend time wearing the shoes around the house to see how they fit, though you can't run in them and return them. =Shoe Modifications=[[File:ModifiedShoes.JPG|right|thumb|500px|Clockwise from the top: [http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=Free3&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FNIK1444%2F Nike Free 3.0] (early version) cut open more than most to form a 'running sandal', [http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=Hattori&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FSCN984%2F Saucony Hattori], [http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=tmin&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FNBA1542%2F NB Trail Minimus], [http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=Free3&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FNIK1444%2F Nike Free 3.0] and the non-minimalist Hoka.]]With the exception of the FiveFingers, I find that all shoes benefit from cutting open the toe box. This allows the toes to spread out as you toe off, creating more natural biomechanics. It also prevents toe blisters.=Summary Table={| class="wikitable"!Shoe!!Weight!!Drop!!Use!!Notes|-|[[Modified Nike Free]] |Varies – 5 to 6oz|Zero|Road||-|[http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=KSOMens&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FVFF102%2F FiveFingers KSO] |5.7oz|Zero|Road/Trail|No laces|-|[http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=KSOTrek&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FVFF110%2F FiveFingers KSO Treks]|6.7oz|Zero|Road/Trail|No laces|-|[http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=Bilka&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FVFF116%2F FiveFingers Bilika LS]|6.5oz|Zero|Road/Trail||-|[http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=Hattori&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FSCN984%2F Saucony Hattori]|4.4oz|Zero|Road|No laces|-|[http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=rmin&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FNBA1522%2F NB Road Minimus]|6.4oz|Zero|Road||-|[http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=TrailGlove&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FMRL1000%2F Merrell Trail Glove] |6.2oz|Zero|Road/Trail||-|[http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=RoadGlove&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FMRL1002%2F Merrell Road Glove] |6.5oz|Zero|Road||-|[http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=VivoEvoII&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FVVO100%2F Vivo Barefoot Evo II]|9.7oz|Zero|Road||-|[http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=Free3&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FNIK1444%2F Nike Free 3.0]|6.9oz|4mm|Road|Highly flexible|-|[http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=WaveU&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FMIZ724%2F Mizuno Wave Universe]|3.8oz|4mm|Road|Lightweight|-|[http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=fl195&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FINN120%2F Inov-8 F-Lite 195] |6.8oz|3mm|Road/Trail||-|[http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=XT190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FINN114%2F Inov-8 X-Talon 190] |6.7oz|3mm|Trail|Aggressive tread|-|[http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=tmin&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FNBA1542%2F NB Trail Minimus]|7.7oz|4mm|Road/Trail||-|[http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=Kinvara&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FSCN1016%2F Saucony Kinvara]|7.7oz|4mm|Road||}=Zero Drop Shoes=

=== [[Modified Nike Free]] ===With modification, the [http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=Free3&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FNIK1444%2F Nike Free 3.0] can provide a minimalist shoe with just enough cushioning to provide good protection. I prefer the [[Modified Nike Free]] to Vibram FiveFingers, as the small amount of extra padding protects my feet much better, while the flexibility gives a surprisingly similar experience. The longevity of the [[Modified Nike Free]] is good, lasting for up to 2,000 + miles. <br style="clear: both" /> ==Vibram FiveFingers== [http[File://wwwKSO.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The Vibram [http://go.vibramfivefingersfellrnr.com Vibram FiveFingers] (VFF) /?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=The VFF range of shoes are very popular Minimalist Running shoes&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. They are a thin sole combined with just enough material to hold them to your footroadrunnersports. Each toe has a separate pocket, hence the name FiveFingerscom%2Frrs%2Fsearch%2Fsearch-celebros.jsp%3Ffrom%3DsearchBox%26Query%3Dfivefingers FiveFinger] [http://go. VFF are close to barefoot runningfellrnr. VFFs were created for boating, not running, but they have become hugely popularcom/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=KSOMens&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports. In fact, it can be hard to get some of the VFF shoes as demand outstrips supplycom%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FVFF102%2F KSO].]][http://go.fellrnr. I would recommend either the KSO (Keep Stuff Out) or the KSO Treks (The Trek version has a leather upper and com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=VFF&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fsearch%2Fsearch-celebros.jsp%3Ffrom%3DsearchBox%26Query%3Dfivefingers FiveFingers] are popular Minimalist Running shoes. They are a thicker thin sole). The VFF soles generally last a long timecombined with just enough material to hold them to your foot and a separate pocket for each toe, but hence the uppers can be prone to tearingname FiveFingers. As an asideThey were originally created for boating, it's been known for a long time that not running barefoot is more efficient than running with shoes, but they have become hugely popular. It's been assumed that this is because of I would recommend either the weight of the shoes, but a recent study has shown running in FiveFingers is more efficient than traditional running shoes<ref name[http://go.fellrnr.com/?id="VFF"/>.35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=KSOMens&url= [http:%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FVFF102%2F KSO] (Keep Stuff Out) or the [http://feelmaxgo.fellrnr.com Feelmax] /?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=KSOTrek&url=Feelmax shoes have http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FVFF110%2F KSO Treks]. The Trek version has a leather upper and a very thin (1mm, 0.04 inch) thicker sole made of a Kevlar composite. This sole is very flexible and provides great feel. It also provides very good puncture resistanceThe FiveFinger soles generally last a long time, which protects but the foot, and are very light at about 4 ozuppers can be prone to tearing. Feelmax shoes look closer to traditional shoes than Vibram Getting FiveFingers and are available in a wide variety that fit can be tricky depending on the shape of stylesyour foot, so they don't work for everyone. === The [http://wwwgo.vivobarefootfellrnr.com Vivo Barefoot] /?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=Bilka&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FVFF116%2F Bilika LS] are slightly wider and have laces, which improves the fit for some.Terra Plana make a range of thin soled shoes under the 'Vivo Barefoot' name. Their Vivo Barefoot Aqua has a good reputation for minimalist running, but is rather expensive and is sometimes criticized for not lasting well. <br style="clear: both" /> ==Saucony Hattori=== Huarache Racing Sandals ===I have no experience of these, but Barefoot Ted sells running sandals inspired by the Tarahumara Indians - [[File:Hattori.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The [http://barefoottedgo.fellrnr.com/shop/ ?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=Hattori&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FSCN984%2F Hattori].]]The [http://barefoottedgo.fellrnr.com/shop/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=Hattori&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FSCN984%2F Hattori]. It is also possible to make your own racing sandals using an old tire and leather thonga lightweight (4. I have a friend who has made his only quite successfully. === Moccasins ===Some people have been running in moccasins4oz), zero drop shoe, especially in colder weather. == Options for near-minimalist footwear ==If you want a bit more protection, these options are recommended. === but the sole is less flexible than the Nike Free and the sock style upper limits the fit. Zappos has the [http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=Hattori%20LC&url=Nike Free are running shoes that are light weight, with very flexible soleshttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.runningwarehouse.com%2FdescpageMRS-SHTLCM2. Even without modification, the Nike Free is html Hattori LC] which has laces instead of a good minimalist running shoe and a half way house to minimalist runningsock upper. There is no outer sole (the hard rubber that meets the road), just a robust midsole (the cushioning part)<br style="clear: both" /> ==New Balance Minimus==[[File:RMinimus. jpg|right|thumb|200px|The midsole then has deep groves cut into it to allow the shoe to flex more than is possible with a traditional shoe[http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=rmin&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports. There are lots of different models of Nike Free. These shoes have a number that indicates how flexible they arecom%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FNBA1522%2F Road Minimus] . ]]The idea is that 10[http://go.fellrnr.0 would be a traditional shoe and com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=Minimus&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.0 would be barefootroadrunnersports. I would recommend using the Free 3com%2Frrs%2Fsearch%2Fsearch-celebros.0. I have been running in Nike Free for about 5 years and I believe they have helped me stay injury free jsp%3Ffrom%3DsearchBox%26Query%3DMinimus Minimus] is a range of minimal shoes from New Balance that has created a lot of interest in that time.=== Saucony Hattori ===This the minimalist running community as the trail shoe was designed with the help of ultrarunner Anton Krupicka. There is a zero drop, 4[http://go.fellrnr.4 oz minimalist shoe that looks like one of the best options to hit the market so far. com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=tmin&url= [http://www%3A%2F%2Fwww.runningwarehouseroadrunnersports.com/descpageMRS-MUNIVS3%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FNBA1542%2F Trail Minimus] and a [http://go.fellrnr.html Mizuno Wave Universe] com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=rmin&url= The Mizuno Wave Universe is a racing flat that is surprisingly comfortablehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww. I ran in these before I discovered the Nike Free and got on well with themroadrunnersports. === [http://wwwcom%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FNBA1522%2F Road Minimus] which share similar names, but are rather different shoes.runningwarehouse.com/descpageMRS-NMYFLY3.html Nike MayflyThe Trail Minimus worked well for me on mild trails, but I prefer the [[Modified Nike Free]] ===to the road version. The Mayfly is intended to last only 62 miles (100K), though I’ve achieved more miles than that from my pair. The Mayfly has rather more cushioning than I think ideal, and the upper can tear if snagged. It is remarkably light weight and comfortable. <br style="clear: both" /> ==Merrell Gloves=====[http[File:TrailGlove.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[http://wwwgo.amazonfellrnr.com/PUMA-Mens-K-Street-Sneaker/dp/B001H0FR4Q Puma K Street] ?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=TrailGlove&url=This is considered a ‘casual’ shoe, not intended for runninghttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FMRL1000%2F Merrell Trail Glove]. However, has ]]Merrell sells a strong following in the minimalist and Pose running camps[http://go.fellrnr. It has a thin sole with a relatively low rise heel.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=TrailGlove&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FMRL1000%2F trail glove] and a [http://wwwgo.inov-8fellrnr.com Inov-8 Trail Shoes]/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=RoadGlove&url=Inov-8 produce a wide range of minimalist http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FMRL1002%2F road glove]. The trail shoes. Of particular note glove has a thin forefoot plate and both are their [http://wwwzero drop.inov-8.com/Products-DetailThese are a good choice if you can't find a FiveFingers shoe that fits right.asp?PG<br style="clear: both" /> =PG1&L=27&PVivo Barefoot=5050973118 X-Talon 190] for muddy conditions and their =[[File:VivoEvoII.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The [http://wwwgo.inov-8fellrnr.com/Products-Detail.asp?PGid=35454X937677&xs=PG11&Lxcust=27VivoEvoII&Purl=5050973125 F-Lite 195http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FVVO100%2F Vivo Barefoot Evo II] for rocky conditions. I’ve used ]]Terra Plana make a number range of Inov-8 thin soled shoes and I would highly recommend them. ===under the '[http://wwwgo.newbalancefellrnr.com/nb-minimus/ New Balance Minimus]?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=Vivo&url=This is a minimal trail shoe from New Balance that has created a lot of interest in the minimalist running communityhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fsearch%2Fsearch-celebros. It was designed with the help of ultrarunner jsp%3Ffrom%3DsearchBox%26Query%3DVIVOBAREFOOT Vivo Barefoot]' name. Their [http://antonkrupickago.blogspotfellrnr.com/ Anton Krupicka]?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=VivoEvoII&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. A good review is available at http://barefootrunninguniversityroadrunnersports.com/2010/11/17/new-balance-minimus-trail-review/ There is %2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FVVO100%2F Vivo Barefoot Evo II] has a street version of the minimus that is actually less minimal than the trail version and is good reputation for minimalist running, with a little disappointingflexible but tough sole. However, the 'lifestyle' minimus that is not designed for running looks like it might be the best of the three!=== Canvas Sneakers ==Minimalist Shoes=Some people These are not zero drop, but they have got on well with Converse style canvas sneakers. Cheap less drop than a traditional shoe, are lightweight and easy to find. Note: this is not the same as cheap running shoes. These canvas sneakers have very little soleflexible. <br style== Run Barefoot "clear: both" /> ==Nike Free==Running barefoot is different to minimalist running, but both fit under the general concept of 'natural running'[[File:Free30v4.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The (unmodified) [http://go. There are advantages and disadvantages to barefoot runningfellrnr. The biggest advantage is that it is cheap and easycom/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=Free3&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports. It is a great way of finding out what it's like to run without traditional shoescom%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FNIK1444%2F Nike Free 3.0]. ]]== A shoe to avoid - The Newton ==Newton shoes focus on forefoot running by adding extra height to Nike Free are running shoes that are light weight, with very flexible soles. Even without modification, the forefoot of the shoeNike Free 3. I purchased 0 is a pair thinking they would move me closer to barefoot good minimalist running. The result of the high forefoot is an unstable shoe and a half way house to a zero drop shoe. What I found was There is no outer sole (the Newton takes hard rubber that meets the road), just a bad idea robust midsole (the traditional running shoecushioning part) and makes it worse. I hated running in The midsole has deep groves cut into it to allow the Newton shoes, but I think they are shoe to flex more than is possible with a valuable lessontraditional shoe. Natural running requires a minimalist shoeThere are lots of different models of Nike Free, not a more complex one. You can get a better alternative to the Newton just by hacking the sole off an old pair of running shoesbut I would recommend using the [http://go.fellrnr. I would not recommend these shoescom/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=Free3&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. I would advise you to avoid these shoesroadrunnersports. (The Newton is mentioned in [[Book Review - The 4 Hour Body|The 4 Hour Bodycom%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FNIK1444%2F Free 3.0]] as . (Most Frees have a shoe number that is correlated with indicates how flexible they are. The idea is that 10.0 would be a injuriestraditional shoe and 1.0 would be barefoot.) <br style="clear: both" /> =Further Reading=Mizuno Wave Universe==* [[File:WUniverse.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The [http://barefoottedgo.fellrnr.com/2009/01/running-in-seattle-with-feelmax-shoes.html* The best video looking at barefoot and traditional running shoes [?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=WaveU&url=http://www%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtuberoadrunnersports.com/watch?v=7jrnj-7YKZE&feature=player_embedded The Barefoot Professor: by Nature Video%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FMIZ724%2F Mizuno Wave Universe].]]* A video of a persistence hunt The [http://wwwgo.youtubefellrnr.com/watch?vid=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=9wI-9RJi0Qo "Persistence Hunting" video by the BBC on youtubeWaveU&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FMIZ724%2F Mizuno Wave Universe]is a racing flat that is surprisingly comfortable and remarkably light weight. I ran in these before I discovered the Nike Free and got on well with them. ==See Also==* [[Are your running shoes injuring you]]?* [[The Journey to Minimalist Running]]* [[Toughening Feet]]<br style="clear: both" /> ==ReferencesInov-8 Trail Shoes==<references><ref name="VFF"> FiveFingers footwear is more efficient for runners than conventional running shoeshttp[[File://wwwFlite195.pponline.co.uk/encyc/fivefingers-footwear-more-efficient-runners-conventional-running-shoes-41153 jpg|right|thumb|200px|The [http://wwwgo.pponlinefellrnr.co.ukcom/encyc/fivefingers-footwear?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=fl195&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FINN120%2F F-more-efficient-runners-conventional-running-shoes-41153Lite 195] trail shoe.]]<[http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=Minimus&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fsearch%2Fsearch-celebros.jsp%3Ffrom%3DsearchBox%26Query%3Dinov-8 Inov-8] produces a wide range of minimalist trail shoes. Of particular note are their [http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=XT190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FINN114%2F X-Talon 190] for muddy conditions and their [http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=fl195&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FINN120%2F F-Lite 195] for rocky conditions. I've used a number of Inov-8 shoes and I highly recommend them, especially for the more gnarly and technical trails. <br style="clear: both" /references> ==Saucony Kinvara==[[File:Kinvara.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The [http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=Kinvara&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FSCN1016%2F Saucony Kinvara].]]The [http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=Kinvara&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fproducts%2FSCN1016%2F Saucony Kinvara] is an evolution of the traditional running shoe towards a minimalist design. It looks like a traditional running shoe, but lowers the heel and reduces the weight. To me, this shoe is on the boundary between minimalist and traditional, though others might include some of the [http://go.fellrnr.com/?id=35454X937677&xs=1&xcust=Pure&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadrunnersports.com%2Frrs%2Fsearch%2Fsearch-celebros.jsp%3Ffrom%3DsearchBox%26Query%3DBrooks%2BPure Brooks Pure] range as minimalist. =Run Barefoot=Running barefoot is different to minimalist running, but both fit under the general concept of 'natural running'. There are advantages and disadvantages to barefoot running. The biggest advantage is that it is cheap and easy. It is a great way of finding out what it's like to run without traditional shoes.=The Newton=Newton shoes focus on forefoot running by adding extra height to the forefoot of the shoe. I purchased a pair thinking they would move me closer to barefoot running. The result of the high forefoot is an unstable shoe. I believe the Newton takes a bad idea (the traditional running shoe) and makes it worse. I hated running in the Newton shoes, but I think they are a valuable lesson; Natural running requires a minimalist shoe, not a more complex one. You can get a better alternative to the Newton just by hacking the sole heel off an old pair of running shoes. (The Newton is mentioned in The 4 Hour Body as a shoe that is correlated with injuries.)=See Also=# [[Are_your_running_shoes_injuring_you| Are your running shoes injuring you]]? # [[The_Journey_to_Minimalist_Running| The Journey to Minimalist Running]] # [[Toughening_Feet| Toughening Feet]]