Difference between revisions of "Heart Rate Reserve"

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[[File:HeartRateSimplified.png|right|thumb|500px|A simplified chart of heart rate against exercise intensity showing [[Maximum Heart Rate]], [[Heart Rate Reserve]], [[Resting Heart Rate]] and [[Heart Rate Deflection]].]]
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Heart Rate Reserve (HRR)}}
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Heart Rate Reserve (HRR) is the difference between your [[Maximum Heart Rate]] (HR<sub>max</sub>) and [[Resting Heart Rate]] (HR<sub>rest</sub>). Exercise intensity can be evaluated by comparing your heart rate as a percentage of HRR.  
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[[File:HeartRateSimplified.svg|right|thumb|500px|A simplified chart of heart rate against exercise intensity showing [[Maximum Heart Rate]], [[Heart Rate Reserve]], [[Resting Heart Rate]], [[Orthostatic Heart Rate]], and [[Heart Rate Deflection]].]]
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=Calculating Heart Rate Reserve=
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Heart Rate Reserve is a how much your [[Heart Rate]] can speed up with exercise. It's the difference between the fastest heart rate ([[Maximum Heart Rate]]) and the slowest ([[Resting Heart Rate]].)
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The calculation to work out %HRR is (HR<sub>ex</sub> – HR<sub>rest</sub>)/(HR<sub>max</sub> – HR<sub>rest</sub>), where HR<sub>ex</sub> is the exercise Heart Rate. For example a HR<sub>max</sub> of 180, a HR<sub>rest</sub> of 40 and HR<sub>ex</sub> of 140 would be (140 – 40)/(180 – 40), which is 71%.  
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=Calculating Percent Heart Rate Reserve=
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=Why %HRR rather than %HR<sub>max</sub>=
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Heart Rate Reserve (HRR) is normally calculated as the difference between your [[Maximum Heart Rate]] (HR<sub>max</sub>) and [[Resting Heart Rate]] (HR<sub>rest</sub>). Exercise intensity can be evaluated by calculating your heart rate as a percentage of HRR. The calculation to work out %HRR is…
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Using %HRR is better than a percentage of HR<sub>max</sub>. as it reflects the relative intensity more accurately. For example, if two athletes both have a HR<sub>max</sub> of 180, but one has a HR<sub>rest</sub> of 40 and the other 70, at HR<sub>ex</sub> of 140would be same %HR<sub>max</sub>, but one is at 64 %HRR and the other is at 71 %HRR.
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%HRR = (HR<sub>ex</sub> – HR<sub>rest</sub>)/(HR<sub>max</sub> – HR<sub>rest</sub>)
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Where HR<sub>ex</sub> is the exercise [[Heart Rate]].  
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For example, for a HR<sub>max</sub> of 180, a HR<sub>rest</sub> of 40 and HR<sub>ex</sub> of 140 would be (140 – 40)/(180 – 40), which is 71%.  
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=Why use Percentage Heart Rate Reserve? =
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Using %HRR is better than a percentage of HR<sub>max</sub>, as it reflects the relative intensity more accurately. For example, if two athletes both have a HR<sub>max</sub> of 180, but one has a HR<sub>rest</sub> of 40 and the other 70, at a HR of 140 they would both have the same %HR<sub>max</sub>, but one is at 64 %HRR and the other is at 71 %HRR.  
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=Issues with Percentage Heart Rate Reserve=
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While HRR is a good way of looking at effort and intensity, but there are two issues to be aware of.
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# For HRR to be of value, you have to test your HR<sub>max</sub>, as it '''cannot''' be calculated. Calculating HR<sub>max</sub> is a mistake that can lead to misleading views of effort.
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# I believe we should use the [[Orthostatic Heart Rate]] (HR<sub>orth</sub>)which is the [[Heart Rate]] when standing rather than HR<sub>rest</sub>, as HR<sub>orth</sub> is typically 10-15 beats higher than HR<sub>rest</sub>, which is enough to skew the relative effort percentage.
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Most [[Heart Rate Monitor]]s will display your %HRR if you input your HR<sub>max</sub> and HR<sub>rest</sub>.
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=%HRR, %[[VO2max|V̇O2max]], and [[VO2max|V̇O2max]] Reserve=
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Just as %HRR is the percentage of the difference between resting and max heart rate, so [[VO2max|V̇O<sub>2</sub>max]] Reserve is the difference between resting V̇O<sub>2</sub> and [[VO2max|V̇O2max]]. If you need to convert %HRR to %[[VO2max|V̇O<sub>2</sub>max]], there's some correlation (r=0.78<ref name="Solheim-"/>), and you can use this formula to get a rough estimate<ref name="SwainLeutholtz1997"/>:
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%[[VO2max|V̇O<sub>2</sub>max]] = %HRR x 1.12 – 12
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So, if you're at 60% of HRR, that's (60 x 1.12) – 12 = 55% [[VO2max|V̇O<sub>2</sub>max]].
 
=See Also=
 
=See Also=
 
* [[Maximum Heart Rate]]
 
* [[Maximum Heart Rate]]
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* [[Pulse Oximeter]]
 
* [[Pulse Oximeter]]
 
* [[Heart Rate Deflection]]
 
* [[Heart Rate Deflection]]
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=References=
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<references>
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<ref name="SwainLeutholtz1997">David P. Swain, Brian C. Leutholtz, Heart rate reserve is equivalent to%??VO2Reserve, not to%??VO2max, Medicine &amp Science in Sports &amp Exercise, volume 29, issue 3, 1997, pages 410–414, ISSN [http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0195-9131 0195-9131], doi [http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199703000-00018 10.1097/00005768-199703000-00018]</ref>
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<ref name="Solheim-">TJ. Solheim, BG. Keller, CJ. Fountaine, VO, Int J Exerc Sci, volume 7, issue 4, pages 311-317, PMID [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27182409 27182409]</ref>
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</references>

Latest revision as of 12:34, 27 April 2019

A simplified chart of heart rate against exercise intensity showing Maximum Heart Rate, Heart Rate Reserve, Resting Heart Rate, Orthostatic Heart Rate, and Heart Rate Deflection.

Heart Rate Reserve is a how much your Heart Rate can speed up with exercise. It's the difference between the fastest heart rate (Maximum Heart Rate) and the slowest (Resting Heart Rate.)

1 Calculating Percent Heart Rate Reserve

Heart Rate Reserve (HRR) is normally calculated as the difference between your Maximum Heart Rate (HRmax) and Resting Heart Rate (HRrest). Exercise intensity can be evaluated by calculating your heart rate as a percentage of HRR. The calculation to work out %HRR is… 

%HRR = (HRex – HRrest)/(HRmax – HRrest)

Where HRex is the exercise Heart Rate. For example, for a HRmax of 180, a HRrest of 40 and HRex of 140 would be (140 – 40)/(180 – 40), which is 71%.

2 Why use Percentage Heart Rate Reserve?

Using %HRR is better than a percentage of HRmax, as it reflects the relative intensity more accurately. For example, if two athletes both have a HRmax of 180, but one has a HRrest of 40 and the other 70, at a HR of 140 they would both have the same %HRmax, but one is at 64 %HRR and the other is at 71 %HRR.

3 Issues with Percentage Heart Rate Reserve

While HRR is a good way of looking at effort and intensity, but there are two issues to be aware of.

  1. For HRR to be of value, you have to test your HRmax, as it cannot be calculated. Calculating HRmax is a mistake that can lead to misleading views of effort.
  2. I believe we should use the Orthostatic Heart Rate (HRorth)which is the Heart Rate when standing rather than HRrest, as HRorth is typically 10-15 beats higher than HRrest, which is enough to skew the relative effort percentage.

Most Heart Rate Monitors will display your %HRR if you input your HRmax and HRrest.

4 %HRR, %V̇O2max, and V̇O2max Reserve

Just as %HRR is the percentage of the difference between resting and max heart rate, so V̇O2max Reserve is the difference between resting V̇O2 and V̇O2max. If you need to convert %HRR to %V̇O2max, there's some correlation (r=0.78[1]), and you can use this formula to get a rough estimate[2]: 

%V̇O2max = %HRR x 1.12 – 12

So, if you're at 60% of HRR, that's (60 x 1.12) – 12 = 55% V̇O2max.

5 See Also

6 References

  1. ↑ TJ. Solheim, BG. Keller, CJ. Fountaine, VO, Int J Exerc Sci, volume 7, issue 4, pages 311-317, PMID 27182409
  2. ↑ David P. Swain, Brian C. Leutholtz, Heart rate reserve is equivalent to%??VO2Reserve, not to%??VO2max, Medicine &amp Science in Sports &amp Exercise, volume 29, issue 3, 1997, pages 410–414, ISSN 0195-9131, doi 10.1097/00005768-199703000-00018
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