Medium Intensity High Volume Intervals
Emil Zatopek was a runner who used a large number of intervals in a training session. Emil is reported to have run 100x (400m + 200m recovery), with the 400m a few seconds slower than his 10K pace. That works out as a 37 mile workout, with 25 miles at close to 10K pace. While this level of workout is beyond most recreational runners, doing a larger volume of medium intensity intervals should be considered by experienced athletes.
1 Pace
Emil did his intervals slightly slower than 10K pace. For most runners, using the Jack Daniels Running Formula Tempo pace is a good starting point. You can calculate this with the VDOT Calculator
2 How many
Emil was an Olympic champion, and most of us have neither the time nor the ability to handle this level of training. As with any speed work, I believe it is important to ramp up the quantity and intensity over time to prevent injury. I would suggest starting with at your tempo pace VDOT Calculator or slower and do 12 repeats. You can then build up the number of intervals over the weeks. This could become the bulk of a midweek training session, or if you are dedicated enough, part of your long run.