2014 Badwater 135

The 2014 Badwater 135 course map and elevation profile.

Badwater is one of the best known and toughest ultramarathons. Even though I've done many 100 mile races including the Keys 100, plus pacing at Badwater last year, the difficulty of the race still managed to surprise me.

1 What happened

The race went well given the difficulty, and I ran conservatively to maximize my chances of finishing.

• To Horseshoe Meadows (mile 23). The first section of the race is a steady climb to 10,000 ft/3,000m and the stunningly beautiful views kept me entertained. I could feel the effects of the altitude, and my breathing was more strained than I'd expect. I checked my SpO₂ at the top and it was 80-85%, rising to just over 90% as I recovered and got my breath back. That's lower than I'd have liked, but not a problem.
• To Lone Pine (mile 45). The 6,000ft/1,800m descent back to Lone Pine has the potential to trash your quads, so my main goal was to minimize muscle damage. Of course, taking it easy on that type of descent is a 8:00 min/mile pace, which was nice. I'd have loved to have pushed the pace on the descent, but I'd have ended up much slower by the end of the race.
• To Keeler (mile 59). The journey to Keeler was flat, hot and uneventful. I picked up Nathan, my pacer, at Lone Pine and he stayed with me to Darwin.
• To Cerro Gordo (mile 69). The path to the ghost town at Cerro Gordo the only part of Badwater that does not allow for crew access, so we had to carry all our supplies. We started up the path at sunset, and the night sky was exquisite as we were so far from any street lights. The 7.5 mile path up the mountain averages a 12% grade, but the last 2.5 miles is steeper and felt like it was 20% or more. This is the one part of the race where I was not sure I would make it, as I felt as bad as I've ever felt on a race. At the time I thought it was altitude sickness, but given that I was fine going up Whitney portal, I'm not sure. (I'd left my pulse oximeter behind. Doh!)
• To Keeler (mile 75). I felt immediately better as we started to descend, though the steepness was tough on the quads and the feet.
• To Darwin (mile 91). I slept for 30 minutes at the foot of Cerro Gordo which helped a little with the sleep deprivation. The sunrise was wonderful, as "second dawn" always is, but the temperature rose rapidly. The slight rise to Darwin seemed interminable as my exhausted mind thought that Darwin should be much closer.
• To Lone Pine (mile 122). Most of return trip to Lone Pine was a nice descent that I put to good use, but just past Keeler I started to crash a little. I took a 10 minute nap, then slowed up and focused on fueling more. By this point the sleep deprivation was causing mild hallucinations, but these were a pleasant distraction and nothing like the legendary hallucinations that Badwater is famous for.
• To Whitney Portal (mile 135).For the last section, you hear the mantra "just a half marathon to go" quite a bit, but it seems like it's so much further. I go some blisters under my left forefoot, something that rarely happens to me, and my feet felt like I was walking on burning coals. Nathen joined me again at Lone Pine, and kept me on pace for the ascent. Our timing was perfect in many ways as we were late enough in the day to do the steepest part of the ascent in the shade of the mountain, but still finish in daylight. My final time was 36:46:30 for 39th place.

2 The Difficulty

The toughness of Badwater is not any single factor, but rather the way these factors combine.

• Distance. The extra 35 miles beyond the 100 mile distance is more than 35% more difficult because fatigue is cumulative. Consider that at mile 85 in a 100 miler, the end would be in sight, but at Badwater there's still another 50 miles to go. I've run 130-146 miles in 24 hour races a few times, but a 24 hour race generally provides optimal running conditions.
• Heat. The heat causes several problems. There's the critical problem of overheating and getting heat illness, which normally involves the vomiting that compounds the problems. But even if you avoid overheating, the heat means a much slower pace than would be possible in the cool, making the race take much longer.
• Descents. The long descents tear up the muscles, further slowing progress. Even if you're well prepared and take things carefully (which I did), there is some unavoidable damage. I had far more muscle damage from Badwater than my previous 100 milers.
• Multiplication. The above factors mean the race takes a lot longer and so sleep deprivation becomes a problem. I didn't find sleepiness too much of a problem, but the deprivation did cause mild hallucinations and intoxication.

3 What Worked

My crew at the finish; Ken, Nathan, Me, Steve, & Alice.

• My Crew. A good crew is essential for Badwater success, and I had a wonderful group. Nathan was my crew chief, and he recruited the people who have crewed him on ultras before. This meant the crew knew each other well and had worked together under similar difficult high pressure situations. Nathan, Alice, Steve, and Ken worked together flawlessly
• My Pacer. Nathan also doubled as my main pacer for 75 miles of the race. Nathan is a psychology professor and a great conversationalist, so we had lots to talk about. Ken, Alice and Steve all took turns pacing me for a few miles, which they did with aplomb.
• Heat Training. All the Heat Acclimation Training paid off nicely and I didn't suffer any heat illness during the race. I probably did far more heat training than I needed to, but I figured too much was better than not enough.
• Downhill. The Downhill Running paid huge dividends, protecting my legs and keeping me far stronger.
• Altitude Training. My DIY Altitude Training seemed to work well. Without it I do badly at altitude, seemingly worse than most people. The altitude training would have been more effective if I'd been able to increase my iron intake soon enough, but even with iron supplements my iron levels (serum ferritin) was too low.
• Hydration. My DIY Electrolyte Drink worked perfectly, keeping me hydrated and my electrolytes in balance.
• Fueling. My only fuel was Ensure drinks which I had about every 2-3 miles. Amazingly they were still tasting good at the end of the race, and were even palatable when a little warm. While my Go Juice is better, the simplicity of the Ensure makes it a better choice for this type of race.
• Napping. I took a 30 minute and a 10 minute nap during the race, which helped keep the sleep deprivation in check. The 30 minute came at around mile 75, after Cerro Gordo and was a planned nap to keep me going. The 10 minute nap was at about mile 110 and was one I had to take to keep functioning.
• Clothing. I covered up completely to protect from the sun, wearing tights, long sleeved top, fingerless gloves and a hat with a neck and face cover.
• Shoes. I wore three different types of shoe for the race. I wore the Altra One² for the first 45 miles, and their light weight was great on the ascent and descent from Horseshoe Meadows. I then swapped to the Altra Olympus for 45 miles. They worked remarkably well, but at mile 90 my feet were hurting so much that I figured a change might help. I wore the Hoka Bondi for the next 32 miles, before reverting to the Olympus for the finish. After the race I realized that the heat of Badwater had worn down the Bondi dramatically. I had more wear in 32 miles of Badwater than I'd expect from 300 miles of normal use. The One².had also worn, but not as badly as the Bondi. The Olympus still look new, probably because the Olympus has an outsole over most of its sole.
• Watch. I used Suunto Abmit2R and with GPS recording set to one minute intervals it was still going strong at the end of 37 hours. Knowing the distance and elevation helped me visualize were I was in the race and my progress. This proved to be far more valuable mentally than I expected.

4 What Didn't Work

• Sore feet. My feet became sore quite early on in the race and by the last third were remarkably painful. It's been suggested that the heat of Badwater cooks the soles of the feet, making the pain of the continual pounding worse. The pain was a little less with the slightly firmer Altra Olympus than the Hoka Bondi, and massaging the foot seemed to provide some temporary relief.
• Blisters. For the first time in many years I got blisters on my feet. The combination of socks I use has generally eliminated blisters, which made me a little blasé. I should have changed socks far more often, cleaning and checking my feet at the same time.
• Chaffing. I had a problem with chafing, as even with the low humidity, some parts of the body remain constantly wet. This is combined with the fine dust and sand that acts as a skin abrasive. Smothering the area in Desitin helped a little.
• Checklist. I didn't have a checklist for the ascent up Cerro Gordo, and I'd have avoided several mistakes if I used one. I didn't take enough calories up the mountain, I forgot the Pulse Oximeter and my headlight batteries were dead. Luckily the race directory happened to be coming down the mountain and bailed me out with some fresh AAAs!
• Morton Stretch. I didn't try to do a Morton Stretch until around mile 110, which was way too late. By the time I tried, I could not get my quads to stretch properly.

5 What I'd Do Differently

• Less racing. The three 100 milers I did in the months prior to Badwater impacted my training more than I'd have liked and I would have been in better shape if I'd have raced less.
• More Downhill. I should have done more Downhill Running and less Heat Acclimation Training. The downhill seems to be the most valuable aspect of my training, and I think more would be better.

6 Basis Monitoring

I wore the Basis Activity Tracker during Badwater to see what it would record. As you can see below, my skin temperature stayed reasonably cool for most of the race, a reflection of the effectiveness of my cooling approach. I'm not sure how much I trust the perspiration rate as I was being sprayed off with water regularly, which may have confused things. You'll notice that the Basis detected my nap around 3 AM which is pretty cool.

This is the data that the Basis Activity Tracker recorded during Badwater. The Basis web site only displays one days data at a time, so this is two days stitched together. The orange balls are the number of steps taken, the purple line is skin temperature, and the blue line is perspiration rate. The temperature scale for skin temperature is on the right side of the graph in Fahrenheit.

7 Heart Rate

I also wore my Suunto Abmit2R for the race, and the Heart Rate data is shown below.

Heart Rate against time using an ECG chest strap.

8 Recovery

My legs were a little sore the next day, but were soon fine for short runs and normal use. It took another week or two for the endurance to return, which may be due to Glycogen depletion.

8.1 Sleep Monitoring with Basis

My biggest problem was insomnia that lasted for nearly a week. It was not until the Sunday following the race that I started to feel sleepy; up to that point I was exhausted, but without the desire to sleep, and I felt like I was not sleeping well. If you look at the sleep report from the Basis you can see that I did not sleep much the night after the race, which is normal for me after an ultra. However, I did not sleep much the Wednesday or the Thursday and my sleep was distinctly interrupted. It was not until Friday that I start sleeping more and I didn't feel the benefit of the increased sleep until Sunday.

Tuesday, the night after the race finishes. Only 6 hours sleep and 5 major interruptions (4 the Basis identified as interrupted sleep, and one gap where the Basis decided I was actually awake and up.)

Wednesday. Another crappy night's sleep with three major interruptions.

Thursday. Only two interruptions and slightly more sleep, but still not enough. (It says Friday due because I flew home and the Basis did not update the time zone until Friday morning.)

Friday. Far more sleep, but awoke feeling like I'd been up all night.

Saturday. Again more sleep, but without feeling either rested or sleepy.

Sunday. Things start to return to normal.

8.2 Heart Rate Variability

I've been monitoring my Heart Rate Variability (HRV) for a while, so I was curious about how Badwater would impact it. HRV is generally believed to reflect training stress, and is a candidate for detecting the dreaded Overtraining Syndrome.

This is the data from the ithlete app, with the daily mileage as the bars, and the rolling average as a blue line. As you can see the individual daily readings have too much noise to be of much use. There is a slight rise in the average after Badwater, suggesting that the recovery from the race went well.

This data comes from the HRV4Training app, which has been postprocessed using my sports tracks plug-in. The vertical bars are TRIMP (effort) and the line is the seven day rolling average of HRV/HR. This data suggests the race didn't produce a much protracted stress. (Other data (not shown) indicates that the variation in HRV is not significant.

9 Gallery

More pictures to follow.

• Images from Badwater 2014
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  The runner check in mug shot.

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  Around mile 50, the Dolomite loop.

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  Climbing Horseshoe meadows.

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  The chief medic at the weigh in.

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  This is the ascent up Cerro Gordo, a gratuitously tough bit of the course.

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  The hat that served me well at Badwater, made from a Halo hat and an old under armor running top.

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