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The Science of Intermittent Hypoxic Exposure

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==Research from the USSR<ref name="USSR"/>==
* Expose subjects to 15,000 feet for 1 hour per day over several days for 7 to 11 sessions showed increased blood O2 O<sub>2</sub> saturation compared with initial exposure and the benefits were detectable for up to 4 weeks.* Exposure of 30 mins min to 3 hours every 2 to 3 days for 9 exposures increased hemoglobin by 12% and red blood cells by 22%* Exposure of 3x (6 min low O2, 4 min normal air) per day for 14 days increased breathing volume at altitude by ~50%. PO2 Partial pressure of O<sub>2</sub> started at 50 mmHg (20,000 ft) dropping to 35 mmHg (28,000 ft). Several studies have shown similar results. * 5x (15 min 11% O2 O<sub>2</sub> + 15 min recovery) for 14 day produced changes to the metabolic pathways that optimize the use of oxygen.
* Studies in rats suggest that continuous exposure to altitude reduces anti-oxidant defenses, but IHT improves them.
* Other studies in rats indicate that IHT changes the ratio of fat to protein burning in favor of fats by 80%.
* A study of workers that cleaned up after Chernobyl nuclear reactor explosion showed that they had higher levels of oxidant stress where higher than normal. Exposing the workers to IHT of 3x (5 mins min 7-8% [28,000+ ft] O2 O<sub>2</sub> with 5 mins min normal air) for 14 days significantly reduced the oxidant stress.
* Studies have shown IHT reduces the oxidant stress associated with bronchial asthma. (There were large variations in individual response, and more research is needed.)
* Recent studies indicate that IHT stimulates NO (Nitric Oxide) production, with the excess stored in the vascular walls. This improves blood pressure.
* Research indicates that there is a very wide variability in the response to altitude (IHT or other) and tolerance of extreme hypoxia. Future research may provide methods of overcoming the lack of response in some individuals.
==Western Research==
* Research<ref name="jack"/> using highly trained runners showed no running improvement with IHT This research . However, this study used simulated altitudes IHT for 4 weeks and had O<sub>2</sub> saturation values of 1589.9,000 at the start rising to 2086.3, 85.9,000 feet at the endand 81.4 for each week. This gave O2 saturations The value of 90% at IHT is dependent upon the startO<sub>2</sub> saturation levels, going down to 80with little effect until values under 89% at <ref name="HTI"/>. The athletes in the endstudy therefore only received significant hypoxia for about one week. The athletes were given 5 mins min hypoxic, 5 mins nomal min normal for 70 minutes total for five days per week, 4 weeks total.
* A similar research<ref name="junis"/> study showed a significant improvement in 3K running performance. This study used 90 minutes of IHT (5 hypoxic:5 normal) for 15 days over a three week period, using 13,000 feet at the start to 19,000 feet at the end.
* A study<ref name="EPO"/> looking at Hypoxia EPO, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production showed a ~50% increase in EPO from 4 hours of IHT or 2 hours of continuous hypoxia, but no response from 5 minutes or 1 hour. The IHT was a simulated altitude of 18,000 ft
* Subjects exposed hypoxia in a hypobaric chamber showed elevated EPO levels after 114 mins min at 9,000 feet and or after 84 minutes at 12,000 feet. EPO levels continued to rise with longer exposure. <ref name="acu"/>* Research using the AltoLab system showed a significant improvement in sprint speed. The study used 6 mins min hypoxia (10,000 to 18,000 ft) with 4 min recovery for an hour a day for 15 days. The study shown a tiny improvement in blood parameters (hemoglobin/hematocrit) normally associated with altitude training.<ref name="alto"/>* IHT increased lung force in asthmatic and non-asthmatic athletes. There was no deterioration in asthma status from the trial, and half of the asthmatics reported a reduction in the need for medication. The trial used 15 sessions over three weeks, with each session being 5 mins min hypoxia followed by 5 mins min normal air, repeated for 60 minutes. The hypoxia was equivalent to 22,500 ft.<ref name="asthmatic"/> Other studies have reported a similar improvement in asthma, with reduced attacks, reduced severity of attacks and reduced need for medicatinmedication.
==See Also==
<ref name="asthmatic">http://www.hypoxico.com/images/pdfs/Does_IHT_effect_the_lung_function_of_asthmatic_athletes.pdf Does IHT effect the lung function of asthmatic athletes</ref>
<ref name="junis">http://www.altitudecentre.com/images/Lincoln_Double_BlindIHT_Rep_2003.pdf Intermittent Hypoxic Training in Endurance Athletes</ref>
<ref name="HTI">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxic_Training_Index Hypoxic Training Index</ref>
</references>

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