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Created page with "The ketogenic diet does not normally provide a complete intake of all required nutrients.
{{Skeleton}}
=Selenium=
Insufficient intake of selenium can result in a weakening of..."
The ketogenic diet does not normally provide a complete intake of all required nutrients.
{{Skeleton}}
=Selenium=
Insufficient intake of selenium can result in a weakening of the heart muscles (cardiomyopathy), and the ketogenic diet may not provide a sufficient intake<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1826"/>. Good sources of Selenium that could be used on a ketogenic diet include are Brazil nuts, tuna, beef, chicken and turkey.
=MCT=
MCT can be added to a ketogenic diet to improve the ketone levels by adding 5-25 grams per meal or per day<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1812"/>. (Coconut oil it can be 80-100% MCT(verify) <ref name="Kossoff-2011-1812"/>.)
=Omega-3=
For children on the Ketogenic diet for epilepsy, the recommended range of Omega-3 is 0.6-1.2% of their total fat intake<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1820"/>. The FDA recommends the Omega-3 intake from fish not exceed 3 grams/day (verify).
=Fiber and Constipation Supplements=
Constipation is a common issue with low carbohydrate diets as they can be low in fiber. Recommended approaches to reducing constipation include MCT oil, avocadoes, prunes, exercise and good hydration, or even a mild laxative such as Miralax<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1790"/>. Personally, I've found the ketogenic diet to produce a change in stool consistency even with a comparable fiber intake, which may be due to the way that non-fiber carbohydrates pass through the digestive system and are metabolized by the intestinal flora.
=Carnitine=
Carnitine is critical for the metabolism of fat, and generally the body will make enough, but there may be cases where supplementation is required<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1793"/>. It is possible to test for carnitine deficiency, which, if used, should be repeated every 3-6 months<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1799"/>. If carnitine levels are <15, extra carnitine is often given, especially if combined with symptoms of sleepiness or slugishness<ref name="Kossoff-2011-2258"/>
=Oral Citrates=
Taking Potassium citrate (Polycitra K) to reduce the risk of kidney stones by 7x<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1778"/>. This reduces the urine acidity.
=Vitamins=
For children using the Ketogenic diet for seizure control, daily supplementation with calcium, vitamin D, zinc, selenium and multivitamin/mineral is required<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1338"/> <ref name="Kossoff-2011-2490"/>. There are anecdotal reports of scurvy (Vitamin C deficiency) while on ketogenic diets.
{{KetoSeeAlso}}
=References=
<references>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-2490">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 2490</ref>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1338">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 1338</ref>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1778">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 1778</ref>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-2258">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 2258</ref>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1799">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 1799</ref>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1793">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 1793</ref>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1790">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 1790</ref>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1820">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 1820</ref>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1812">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 1812</ref>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1812">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 1812</ref>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1826">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 1826</ref>
</references>
{{Skeleton}}
=Selenium=
Insufficient intake of selenium can result in a weakening of the heart muscles (cardiomyopathy), and the ketogenic diet may not provide a sufficient intake<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1826"/>. Good sources of Selenium that could be used on a ketogenic diet include are Brazil nuts, tuna, beef, chicken and turkey.
=MCT=
MCT can be added to a ketogenic diet to improve the ketone levels by adding 5-25 grams per meal or per day<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1812"/>. (Coconut oil it can be 80-100% MCT(verify) <ref name="Kossoff-2011-1812"/>.)
=Omega-3=
For children on the Ketogenic diet for epilepsy, the recommended range of Omega-3 is 0.6-1.2% of their total fat intake<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1820"/>. The FDA recommends the Omega-3 intake from fish not exceed 3 grams/day (verify).
=Fiber and Constipation Supplements=
Constipation is a common issue with low carbohydrate diets as they can be low in fiber. Recommended approaches to reducing constipation include MCT oil, avocadoes, prunes, exercise and good hydration, or even a mild laxative such as Miralax<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1790"/>. Personally, I've found the ketogenic diet to produce a change in stool consistency even with a comparable fiber intake, which may be due to the way that non-fiber carbohydrates pass through the digestive system and are metabolized by the intestinal flora.
=Carnitine=
Carnitine is critical for the metabolism of fat, and generally the body will make enough, but there may be cases where supplementation is required<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1793"/>. It is possible to test for carnitine deficiency, which, if used, should be repeated every 3-6 months<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1799"/>. If carnitine levels are <15, extra carnitine is often given, especially if combined with symptoms of sleepiness or slugishness<ref name="Kossoff-2011-2258"/>
=Oral Citrates=
Taking Potassium citrate (Polycitra K) to reduce the risk of kidney stones by 7x<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1778"/>. This reduces the urine acidity.
=Vitamins=
For children using the Ketogenic diet for seizure control, daily supplementation with calcium, vitamin D, zinc, selenium and multivitamin/mineral is required<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1338"/> <ref name="Kossoff-2011-2490"/>. There are anecdotal reports of scurvy (Vitamin C deficiency) while on ketogenic diets.
{{KetoSeeAlso}}
=References=
<references>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-2490">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 2490</ref>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1338">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 1338</ref>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1778">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 1778</ref>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-2258">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 2258</ref>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1799">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 1799</ref>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1793">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 1793</ref>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1790">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 1790</ref>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1820">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 1820</ref>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1812">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 1812</ref>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1812">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 1812</ref>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-1826">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 1826</ref>
</references>
