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==Sodium Loss and Hypotension==
Low carbohydrate diets cause of the kidneys to excrete more sodium. This is known as "natriuresis of starvation", and may be due to low insulin<ref name="Stenvinkel-1995"/>, increased dopamine excretion<ref name="Swaminathan-1983"/>, or elevated Glucagon<ref name="SaudekBoulter1973"/>. If carbohydrate and sodium intakes are both limited, then the body will secrete the hormone aldosterone<ref name="Phinney-2011-p312"/> which will cause the kidneys to excrete potassium and conserve sodium<ref name="Lote2012"/>. This loss of potassium can cause muscle cramps and heart arrhythmias, as well has the loss of muscle tissue.
==Vitamin or mineral deficiency==
==Growth reduction==
Children treated with the ketogenic diet can have growth reduction<ref name="Kossoff-2011-2533"/>. However, early uses of the ketogenic diet for epilepsy included calorie restriction below the recommended level for the child, as partial starvation was believed to be important for reducing seizures.
==Fatty Liver==
There are case reports of children on the [[MCT Diet]] having fatty infiltration of the liver. It's unclear how common this problem is. ("Fatty liver and medium chain triglyceride (MCT) diet.pdf").
==Fat Intake Imbalance==
<ref name="Sirikonda-2012"> NS. Sirikonda, WD. Patten, JR. Phillips, CJ. Mullett, Ketogenic diet: rapid onset of selenium deficiency-induced cardiac decompensation., Pediatr Cardiol, volume 33, issue 5, pages 834-8, Jun 2012, doi [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00246-012-0219-6 10.1007/s00246-012-0219-6], PMID [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22367552 22367552]</ref>
<ref name="BergqvistSchall2008">A. C. Bergqvist, J. I Schall, V. A Stallings, B. S Zemel, Progressive bone mineral content loss in children with intractable epilepsy treated with the ketogenic diet, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, volume 88, issue 6, 2008, pages 1678–1684, ISSN [http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9165 0002-9165], doi [http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.26099 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26099]</ref>
<ref name="Kossoff-2011-, Kindle Offset 1864">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 1864</ref><ref name="Kossoff-2011-, Kindle Offset 2218">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 2218</ref><ref name="Kossoff-2011-, Kindle Offset 2533">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 2533</ref><ref name="Kossoff-2011-, Page 174p174">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Page 174</ref><ref name="Kossoff-2011-, Page 271p271">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Page 271</ref><ref name="Kossoff-2011-, Kindle Offset 2522">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 2522</ref><ref name="Kossoff-2011-, Kindle Offset 2512">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Kindle Offset 2512</ref><ref name="Kossoff-2011-, Page 318p318">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Page 318</ref><ref name="Kossoff-2011-, Page 109p109">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Page 109</ref><ref name="Kossoff-2011-, Page 137p137">Eric. Kossoff, [http://www.amazon.com/Ketogenic-Diets-Eric-H-Kossoff/dp/1936303108 Ketogenic diets : treatments for epilepsy and other disorders], date 2011, publisher Demos Health, location New York, isbn 1-936303-10-8, Page 137</ref><ref name="Phinney-2011-, Page 343p343">Phd Stephen D. Phinney MD, Rd Jeff S. Volek Phd, [http://www.amazon.com/The-Art-Science-Carbohydrate-Living/dp/0983490708 The Art and Science of Low Carbohydrate Living: An Expert Guide to Making the Life-saving Benefits of Carbohydrate Restriction Sustainable and Enjoyable], 2011, publisher Beyond Obesity LLC, isbn 978-0-9834907-0-8, Page 343</ref><ref name="Phinney-2011-, Page 312p312">Phd Stephen D. Phinney MD, Rd Jeff S. Volek Phd, [http://www.amazon.com/The-Art-Science-Carbohydrate-Living/dp/0983490708 The Art and Science of Low Carbohydrate Living: An Expert Guide to Making the Life-saving Benefits of Carbohydrate Restriction Sustainable and Enjoyable], 2011, publisher Beyond Obesity LLC, isbn 978-0-9834907-0-8, Page 312</ref>
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