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I use ice in a hefty Ziploc bag rather than gel packs as Gel packs start off too cold, then warm up too quickly. If you use ice, the temperature will remain constant around freezing until all the ice is melted<ref name="x3"/>. If you use gel packs, or frozen vegetables, you risk frostbite.
==Ice, Inflammation and Healing==
A widely publicized 2010 study<ref name="xTelegraphLu-2011"/> has shown that inflammation is necessary for healing, something that has been known for some time<ref name="xHealing"/>. The study did not look at the use of ice for healing, only the role of inflammation itself, so I believe the popular though it’s conclusions are flawedwere widely misinterpreted<ref name="xTelegraph"/>. While ice does have some anti-inflammatory properties, ice also increases blood flow (cold induced vasodilatation<ref name="xCIVD"/>). This alternating reduction in inflammation and increased blood flow is believed to act as a ‘pump’, speeding up heeling. This cycle typically takes a few minutes, as shown below.
[[File:CIVD.jpg]]
==Ice and DOMS==
<ref name="CyroMeta">Cryolipolysis for subcutaneous fat layer red... [Lasers Surg Med. 2009] - PubMed - NCBI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20014262 </ref>
<ref name="CryoSkin">Critical temperature for skin necrosis in experi... [Cryobiology. 1982] - PubMed - NCBI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7105779 </ref>
<ref name="Lu-2011"> {{Cite journal | last1 = Lu | first1 = H. | last2 = Huang | first2 = D. | last3 = Saederup | first3 = N. | last4 = Charo | first4 = IF. | last5 = Ransohoff | first5 = RM. | last6 = Zhou | first6 = L. | title = Macrophages recruited via CCR2 produce insulin-like growth factor-1 to repair acute skeletal muscle injury. | journal = FASEB J | volume = 25 | issue = 1 | pages = 358-69 | month = Jan | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1096/fj.10-171579 | PMID = 20889618 }}</ref>
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