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There are a number of approaches to modeling how training changes performance and these models have some obvious value in optimizing a training routine, especially for tapering.
=The Models=
The models assume that given training stress, also known as "[[Training Impulse|training impulse]]" or [[TRIMP]] ('''TR'''aining '''IMP'''ulse), has both a positive and a negative effect. The positive effect is called "fitness", and the negative effect is called "fatigue", and they are combined to provide a value of "performance". This article looks at three models:
* Banister. The initial work on modeling human performance was made by Eric Banister in 1975<ref name="CalvertBanister1976"/> and verified by dozens of studies including one on runners<ref name="Morton-1990"/>.
* Busso. The work of Banister was refined by Thierry Busso to modify the Banister model to at least partly account for how [[Training Monotony]] impacts recovery<ref name="Busso-2003"/>.
* TSB. The [[Training Stress Balance]] model is a simplification of the Banister model by Andrew Coggan which looks at just the relative changes in performance<ref name="TSB"/>.
The TSB model will be examined first, as it's the simplest to understand.
=The TSB Model=
for(i=0, i < count(TRIMP); i++)
{
fitness = fitness * exp(-1/r1) + TRIMP[todayi]; fatigue = fatigue * exp(-1/r2) + TRIMP[todayi];
performance = fitness * k1 - fatigue * k2;
}
This model uses four constants.
* k1 is a positive weighting constant for fitness.
* k2 is a positive weighting constant for fatigue, with
* A larger k1 than k2 indicates an individual takes longer to recover, whereas a larger k2 than k1 indicates a faster recovery.
* r1 is the time decay for fitness in days (how long does it take for fitness to return to baseline).
* r2 is the time decay for fatigue in days (how long does it take for fatigue to return to baseline).
* Because fitness lasts longer than fatigue, r1 is larger (longer) than r2.
* The original paper used values of k1=1.0, k2=1.8-2.0, r1=49-50, r2=11.
=The Busso Model=
Thierry Busso created a refinement of the Banister model to try to take account of how an increase in [[Training Monotony]] also increased fatigue. This modification of Banister changes k2 from being a constant to being an exponential decay of the training stress.
