Changes

* While there are some concerns that Omega-3 might raise blood sugar levels, this is probably only true for type-2 diabetics that take high doses (>8g/day). ** A review of studies in the late 1980s/early 1990s showed that high levels of omega-3 supplementation in type-2 diabetics raises fasting glucose<ref name="Nettleton1995"/>.*** Type-2 diabetics had higher fasting glucose levels after taking 18g/day of fish oil for a month<ref name="Glauber-1988"/>. *** Giving type-2 diabetics 8g/day of fish oil impaired the effect of a blood glucose lowering medication (glyburide )<ref name="Zambon-1992"/>.*** Type-2 diabetics given 8g/day of fish oil had higher fasting glucose levels and increased post-prandial glucose<ref name="FridayChilds1989"/>.*** A study giving 10g/day of fish oil or safflower oil adversely affected glycemic control in type-2 diabetics, but this may be due to the increased calorie intake (900 Calories/day)<ref name="BorkmanChisholm1989"/>.** However, it is believed that these increases were due to the high levels of supplementation<ref name="NettletonKatz2005"/>.*** Obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) had no change in fasting blood glucose levels, nor a change in glucose response when given 30ml of fish oil for two weeks<ref name="FaschingRatheiser1991"/>.*** A meta-analysis of 18 trials covering 823 patients concluded that fish oil had no statistically significant effect on fasting glucose of type-2 diabetics<ref name="MontoriFarmer2000"/>.*** Overweight hypertensive patients given 3.65g fish oil daily for 16 weeks had no change in glucose or insulin response , though the combination of fish oil and weight loss improved glucose and insulin response more than weight loss alone<ref name="Mori-1999"/>.* The 2003 American Heart Association statement concluded that ''"Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown in epidemiological and clinical trials to reduce the incidence of Cardiovascular disease"'', though they noted that the recommended intake is unclear<ref name="Kris-Etherton2003"/>.