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* Other studies in rats indicate that IHE changes the ratio of fat to protein burning in favor of fats by 80%.
* A study of workers that cleaned up after Chernobyl nuclear reactor explosion showed that they had higher levels of oxidant stress where higher than normal. Exposing the workers to IHE of 3x (5 min 7-8% [28,000+ ft] O<sub>2</sub> with 5 min normal air) for 14 days significantly reduced the oxidant stress.
* Studies have shown IHE reduces the oxidant stress associated with bronchial asthma. (There were , however, the study had large variations in individual response, and . (See below for more research is neededon asthma.)
* Recent studies indicate that IHE stimulates NO (Nitric Oxide) production, with the excess stored in the vascular walls. This improves blood pressure.
* Research indicates that there is a very wide variability in the response to altitude (IHE or other) and tolerance of extreme hypoxia. Future research may provide methods of overcoming the lack of response in some individuals.
* A study<ref name="EPO"/> looking at Hypoxia EPO, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production showed a ~50% increase in EPO from 4 hours of IHE or 2 hours of continuous hypoxia, but no response from 5 minutes or 1 hour. The IHE was a simulated altitude of 18,000 ft
* Subjects exposed hypoxia in a hypobaric chamber showed elevated EPO levels after 114 min at 9,000 feet and or after 84 minutes at 12,000 feet. EPO levels continued to rise with longer exposure. <ref name="acu"/>
* Research using the [[AltoLab]] system showed a significant improvement in sprint speed. The study used 6 min hypoxia (10,000 to 18,000 ft) with 4 min recovery for an hour a day for 15 days. The study shown a tiny improvement in blood parameters (hemoglobin/hematocrit) normally associated with altitude training.<ref name="alto"/> ==Intermittent Hypoxic Exposure and Diseases== ===Intermittent Hypoxic Exposure and Asthma===
Studies have reported an improvement in asthma, with reduced attacks, reduced severity of attacks and reduced need for medication.
* IHE increased lung force in asthmatic and non-asthmatic athletes<ref name="asthmatic"/>. There was no deterioration in asthma status from the trial, and half of the asthmatics reported a reduction in the need for medication. The trial used 15 sessions over three weeks, with each session being 5 min hypoxia followed by 5 min normal air, repeated for 60 minutes. The hypoxia was equivalent to 22,500 ft.
* IHE has been shown to reduce the shortness of breath and congestion of childhood bronchial asthma, reducing or eliminating the attacks<ref name="Serebrovskaya-2012"/>. The protocol was 4 repeats of 5-7 minutes with 12% O<sub>2</sub> which resulted in a [[SpO2|SpO<sub>2</sub>]] of 89-92%.
* IHE reduced the bronchial resistivity by 31–37% in bronchial asthma patients<ref name="Levashov-2012"/>. IHE also increased reserves of lung ventilation, restored the physiological level of alveolar ventilation in 78% of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)<ref name="Levashov-2012"/>.
===Intermittent Hypoxic Exposure and Parkinson's Disease===A study of IHE on adult rats, old rats and Live Highold rats that have experimental dopamine deficiency showed an increase in dopamine in the both groups of old rats<ref name="Belikova"/>. The study used 5 repeats of 15 minutes of 12% O<sub>2</sub> with 15 minute recoveries for two weeks. While this is an early study, Train Lowthe low risk nature of IHE makes this a promising treatment. ===Intermittent Hypoxic Exposure and Alzheimer’s Disease===A study of rats that had induced Alzheimer’s Disease through intracerebral injections of beta-amyloid showed that adaptation to IHE may improve the brain's self-defense mechanisms which slow the progression of Alzheimer’s. Again, this is an early study on animal, but it shows some promise<ref name="Manukhina-2012"/>. ===Intermittent Hypoxic Exposure and Cancer===A study of mice with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia Acute Myeloid Leukemia] (AML) showed an increased survival time and an inhibition of the [http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?cdrid=46349 infiltration] of the cancerous cells, and improved [http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?cdrid=46445 differentiation]<ref name="Chen-2012"/>. Note that this is an animal study on one specific type of cancer. ==A note on terminology==Some literature considers sleeping at altitude (or with low oxygen levels) to be 'IHT'. This Wiki uses IHT to be separate from LHTL and to mean shorter periods than overnight [[Zeo Sleep Monitor|sleep]] and generally at much lower oxygen concentrations. There is also confusion between the terminology for Intermittent Hypoxic Exposure and [[Intermittent Hypoxic Training]]. There is also a use of the term 'Intermittent Normobaric Hypoxic Training', or 'Intermittent Normobaric Hypoxic Treatment' for IHE.
==See Also==
<ref name="Serebrovskaya-2012">Serebrovskaya, Tatiana V., et al. "Intermittent Hypoxia in Treatment of Bronchial Asthma in Childhood." Intermittent Hypoxia and Human Diseases. Springer London, 2012. 135-143.</ref>
<ref name="Levashov-2012">Levashov, Mikhail I. "Beneficial Effects of Intermittent Normobaric Hypoxic Training on Respiratory Function in Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Diseases." Intermittent Hypoxia and Human Diseases. Springer London, 2012. 115-126.</ref>
<ref name="Belikova">Belikova, Maria V., Evgenia E. Kolesnikova, and Tatiana V. Serebrovskaya. "Intermittent Hypoxia and Experimental Parkinson’s Disease." Intermittent Hypoxia and Human Diseases. Springer London, 2012. 147-153.</ref>
<ref name="Manukhina-2012">Manukhina, Eugenia B., et al. "Protective Effects of Adaptation to Hypoxia in Experimental Alzheimer’s Disease." Intermittent Hypoxia and Human Diseases. Springer London, 2012. 155-171.</ref>
<ref name="Chen-2012">Chen, Guo-Qiang, and Wei Liu. "Anticancer Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia in Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Intermittent Hypoxia and Human Diseases. Springer London, 2012. 229-238.</ref>
</references>
