Difference between revisions of "Taping"

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File:IMG 0184.JPG|I prefer to use hypodermic needles for popping blisters. The 18 gauge needle works well at producing a reasonable size hole that is less likely to reseal, though multiple punctures may be necessary. The finer gauge 25 gauge can be used on thicker skin. The very fine 33 gauge needle is for blood glucose testing; I don’t often use these, but they are far easier to buy than a hypodermic. (Pharmacies are reluctant to sell hypodermics without some obvious medical justification, so I get mine online in bulk.)
 
File:IMG 0184.JPG|I prefer to use hypodermic needles for popping blisters. The 18 gauge needle works well at producing a reasonable size hole that is less likely to reseal, though multiple punctures may be necessary. The finer gauge 25 gauge can be used on thicker skin. The very fine 33 gauge needle is for blood glucose testing; I don’t often use these, but they are far easier to buy than a hypodermic. (Pharmacies are reluctant to sell hypodermics without some obvious medical justification, so I get mine online in bulk.)
 
File:IMG 0185.JPG|Here’s a close up of the needles for comparison. If you look closely at the hypodermics, you can hopefully see the shape of the tip, which is very sharp and punctures the skin easily. (You may have to click to get full size image.)
 
File:IMG 0185.JPG|Here’s a close up of the needles for comparison. If you look closely at the hypodermics, you can hopefully see the shape of the tip, which is very sharp and punctures the skin easily. (You may have to click to get full size image.)
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File:IMG 0186.JPG|Another close up, with a coin to give scale.
 
File:IMG 0103.JPG|If you’re working on other runner’s feet during a race, you need to keep track of time.  
 
File:IMG 0103.JPG|If you’re working on other runner’s feet during a race, you need to keep track of time.  
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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=How to tape a blister=
 
=How to tape a blister=
 
I've practiced taping my own blisters, and worked the Umstead 100 aid station, taping many runners feet.  
 
I've practiced taping my own blisters, and worked the Umstead 100 aid station, taping many runners feet.  

Revision as of 21:30, 19 May 2012

I worked the aid station at Umstead 100, fixing runners' feet.

Taping may be required to prevent blisters or if they occur anyway, to help treat them. Different tapes have different properties, and it's best to gain experience with different tapes before using them in a race. Even putting a piece of tape on the edge of your hand will give you an idea of how well it stick and how flexible it is.

1 General Taping Tips

  • Practice taping for your training runs – remember The Golden Rule of Racing
  • Remember your feet may swell so avoid taping too tightly.
  • If you get a blister, taping can prevent it getting worse and can relieve the pain.
  • Taping a blister can create more pressure on the blister if done incorrectly.
  • You can tape a blister with or without popping it. Popping a blister is a bad idea, but sometimes it's necessary if the blister will spread.
  • Taping should be a last resort; try to fix the underlying problem first.

2 Tapes

I've used various tapes on myself and other runners, as well as conducting some specific comparison tests. I've applied multiple tapes on dry skin, wet skin and wet skin with adhesive promoter and left them in place until they fall off to see how they hold up.

  • Leukotape P. This is the only tape I've found that sticks to skin that is already wet without an adhesive promoter. If you only have one tape, this should probably be it. Leukotape P at Zombie Runner.
  • Hypafix. I have not used Hypafix extensively, but I've been impressed with its characteristics. It's inflexible, thin, soft and the edges don't fray too badly. Hypafix at Zombie Runner.
  • Kinesio-Tex. This is a soft tape that stretches in one direction. I find that it does not stick well without an adhesive promoter, though rubbing the tape to warm it before applying will help it stick a little better. I also find the edges tend to fray, so I will often use some Micropore to stick the edges down. I find this is a good tape for between toes, where its softness is important.
  • Micropore. This was my default tape before I discovered Leukotape P, partly because I have been using Micropore from my earliest memories due to my skin condition. Micropore is very thin, smooth and inflexible, but not very sticky, so you should use it with an adhesive promoter. It will stick to dry skin and adhere well if given time, but that is only viable for pre-taping. It's thinness means it doesn't add much bulk nor does it fray, but it can peel up at the edges sometimes. Micropore at Zombie Runner
  • Elastikon. This tape is thicker than any of the others, slightly rough, but flexible and porous. I rarely use it, but it's worth considering if you need a flexible tape. Elastikon at Zombie Runner.
  • Duct Tape. I strongly recommend against using duct tape, as it is not breathable, so the skin tends to become saturated underneath. Duct Tape also tends to wrinkle, creating creases that cause further problems. Like many other tapes, you need to use it with an adhesive promoter to get it to stick effectively. Watch the edges, as they tend to catch and then the tape then rolls up. I have used Micropore on the edges, with some success. If you really want to use Duct Tape, look for the Gorilla Tape brand, as the adhesive is better than most.
Thickness Texture Flexibility Adhesion Edges Fraying Edges Peeling Tape Edges with Micropore? On dry skin On wet skin On wet skin with adhesive promoter
Leukotape P Thin Smooth Inflexible Good Slight Fraying Slight Optional Good adhesion Reasonable adhesion Good adhesion
Hypafix Thin Smooth Inflexible Good Negligable Fraying Some Optional Good adhesion No adhesion Great adhesion
Kinesio-Tex Medium Medium Flexible in one direction Very poor Lots of fraying Prone Required on cut edges Good adhesion, but edge peal No adhesion Reasonable adhesion, but edge peal
Micropore Very thin Very Smooth Inflexible Poor No Fraying Slight N/A Good adhesion No adhesion Good adhesion
Elastikon Thick Coarse Flexible Good Some fraying Prone Recommended Good adhesion, but edge peal No adhesion Good adhesion

3 Blister Supplies

This is a list of supplies for treating blisters.

4 How to tape a blister

I've practiced taping my own blisters, and worked the Umstead 100 aid station, taping many runners feet.

4.1 General Principles

  • Clean the area around the blister. If lubricant has been used, this can be tricky to remove completely. Using alcohol can help; I'd recommend using plenty of rubbing alcohol as it's cheap and a good solvent.
  • Be aware of the passage of time during a race, as it's possible to burn through enough time that meeting the cut offs becomes difficult.
  • Only burst blisters if they are likely to spread.
  • Adhesive promoter is usually a good idea.
  • Avoid duct tape – it's macho, but a poor solution.
  • Applying a small amount of anti-biotic ointment onto the blister itself can help prevent it getting stuck to the tape and provides a small measure of protection from infection if the blister bursts naturally.
  • Dust with powder as a final step so the excess adhesive does not stick to the socks.

4.2 Partially blistered toe

This is quite a common area to blister.

  • Prevention tips
  • Try to clean the area as well as possible.
  • A blister on the toes will sometimes require popping if the athlete is to continue running.
  • Cutting open the toe box may help, but has some risk if this is done in the middle of a race.
  • Mastisol is recommended, but tincture of benzoin will work.
  • Micropore or Leukotape are the best tape choices.
  • Apply the adhesive promoter to the skin of the toe that is unblistered. Applying to the toe nail may be necessary if there is little unblistered skin left, but this will make the tape hard to remove.
  • Wrap the toe in tape; don't make the tape too tight as this could cause constriction. If the blister is not burst, care must be taken that the tape does not force the blister to spread further.
  • Gently smooth the tape over the end of the toe, pinching into a few large folds.
  • Cut the folds away, leaving a smooth covering.
  • Dust in powder so the excess adhesive does not stick to the socks.
  • If Injinji socks are not used, then the tape may rub on the next toe. It may be possible to cover part of the next toe with tape to prevent this, rather than taping every toe.

4.3 Completely blistered toe

A completely blistered toe is unusual, but is especially problematic as there is no skin left to attach the tape to. Instead, tags of tape must be used to attach the tape to the foot.

  • Prevention tips
  • Try to clean the area as well as possible.
  • A complete blistering of a toe will often require popping if the athlete is to continue running.
  • Cutting open the toe box may help, but has some risk if this is done in the middle of a race.
  • Mastisol is necessary; only use tincture of benzoin if Mastisol is not available.
  • Micropore or Leukotape are the best tape choices.
  • Wrap the toe in tape; don't make the tape too tight as this could cause constriction. If the blister is not burst, care must be taken that the tape does not force the blister to spread further.
  • Gently smooth the tape over the end of the toe, pinching into a few large folds.
  • Cut the folds away, leaving a smooth covering.
  • Apply the adhesive promoter to the skin of the foot near the toe and to the tape at the top and bottom of the toe.
  • Apply tape 'bridges' between the tape over the toe and the foot itself.
  • Dust in powder so the excess adhesive does not stick to the socks.
  • If Injinji socks are not used, then the tape may rub on the next toe. It may be possible to cover part of the next toe with tape to prevent this, rather than taping every toe.

4.4 Side of the big toe

This is basically the same as the partially blistered toe, but there is a stronger case for cutting open the toe box of the shoe near the blister.

4.5 Sides of heel

  • Prevention tips
  • A blister on the side of the foot will sometimes require popping if the athlete is to continue running. If the blister is small and just starting to form, it may be okay to leave it depending on the conditions and the length of the race remaining.
  • Small blisters could be left intact, but larger blisters will require popping if the athlete is to continue running.
  • Do you have lots of time? Then use the luxury taping approach, otherwise use the rapid approach.

4.5.1 Rapid

  • Clean the area thoroughly.
  • Tincture of benzoin is recommended, but use Mastisol if the conditions are wet.
  • Micropore or Leukotape are the best tape choices.
  • Apply the adhesive promoter to the skin around the blister, far enough around to ensure it goes beyond the taping.
  • Place a piece of Micropore or Leukotape over the blister, providing at least 0.5 inch/1cm beyond the edge of the blister.
  • Gently smooth the tape; if there are any creases, pinch them into a few large folds and cut the folds away.
  • Dust in powder so the excess adhesive does not stick to the socks.

4.5.2 Luxury

  • Clean the area thoroughly.
  • Tincture of benzoin is required, but use Mastisol if the conditions are wet.
  • Use Kinesio-Tex with Micropore.
  • Apply the adhesive promoter to the skin around the blister, far enough around to ensure it goes beyond the taping.
  • Place a piece of Kinesio-Tex over the blister, providing at least 0.5 inch/1cm beyond the edge of the blister.
  • Gently smooth the tape; if there are any creases, pinch them into a few large folds and cut the folds away.
  • Apply more adhesive promoter to the skin around the Kinesio-Tex tape and to the edges of the tape itself, far enough around to ensure it goes another 0.5 inch/1cm beyond the Kinesio-Tex taping.
  • Apply strips of Micropore around the edges of the Kinesio-Text tape.
  • Dust in powder so the excess adhesive does not stick to the socks.

4.6 Side of ball

The side of the ball of the foot can be treated much like the sides of heel, but there is more movement due to the bending of the foot. Small blisters can use the rapid approach, but for larger areas, the flexibility of the Kinesio-Tex tape may justify the extra effort. Prevention tips - Blister Prevention#Blisters on the sides of the forefoot.

4.7 Under the ball

This is one of the nastiest places to get a blister, as it is the primary part of the foot used for running.

  • Prevention tips
  • Clean the area thoroughly.
  • Popping the blister is normally required if it has not naturally popped under the pressure of running.
  • Tincture of benzoin is recommended, and Mastisol is generally not required as there is normally plenty of skin on the sides and top of the foot to adhere to.
  • The best tape is Leukotape, as you want to stabilize the damaged skin and limit the motion of the blister against the underlying sub-skin. Flexible tape is not going to help
  • Apply the adhesive promoter to the undamaged skin either side of the blister.
  • Apply tape over the ball of the foot and up either side, but don't circle the foot entirely as this could constrict blood supply.

4.8 Under the heel

This is similar to the ball of the foot, with the tape applied up either side of the heel. Prevention tips

4.9 Between the toes

A blister between the toes can be quite painful, and can easily spread under the foot.

  • Prevention tips
  • Clean the area as well as possible, which can be difficult in this area.
  • A blister between the toes will sometimes require popping if the athlete is to continue running.
  • Tincture of benzoin is recommended.
  • A combination of Kinesio-Tex and Micropore or Leukotape is required.
  • Apply the adhesive promoter to the skin of above and below the blister.
  • Cut a butterfly shape out of the Kinesio-Tex tape, so that the narrow section will fit between the toes.
  • Apply the butterfly shape; help will be needed holding the toes apart.
  • Use Micropore or Leukotape to tape the ends of the butterfly down.
  • If time is limited, a simple strip of Kinesio-Tex tape could be used.
  • Dust in powder so the excess adhesive does not stick to the socks.

4.10 Back of the heel and Achilles

A blister here is almost as nasty as under the ball of the foot. Flexibility is required for normal foot movement and there is pressure from the shoe.

  • Prevention tips
  • A blister on the back of the heel or Achilles will sometimes require popping if the athlete is to continue running.
  • Do you have lots of time? Then use the luxury taping approach, otherwise use the rapid approach.

4.10.1 Rapid

  • Clean the area thoroughly.
  • Tincture of benzoin is recommended, but use Mastisol if the conditions are wet.
  • Leukotape is the best tape choice.
  • Apply the adhesive promoter to the skin around the blister, far enough around to ensure it goes beyond the taping.
  • Place a piece of Leukotape over the blister, providing at least 0.5 inch/1cm beyond the edge of the blister.
  • Gently smooth the tape; if there are any creases, pinch them into a few large folds and cut the folds away.
  • Dust in powder so the excess adhesive does not stick to the socks.

4.10.2 Luxury

  • Clean the area thoroughly.
  • Tincture of benzoin is required, but use Mastisol if the conditions are wet.
  • Use Kinesio-Tex with Micropore.
  • Apply the adhesive promoter to the skin around the blister, far enough around to ensure it goes beyond the taping.
  • Place a piece of Kinesio-Tex over the blister, providing at least 0.5 inch/1cm beyond the edge of the blister.
  • Gently smooth the tape; if there are any creases, pinch them into a few large folds and cut the folds away.
  • Apply more adhesive promoter to the skin around the Kinesio-Tex tape and to the edges of the tape itself, far enough around to ensure it goes another 0.5 inch/1cm beyond the Kinesio-Tex taping.
  • Apply strips of Micropore around the edges of the Kinesio-Text tape.
  • Dust in powder so the excess adhesive does not stick to the socks.

5 Pre-Taping

As well is taping a blister that has already occurred, it is possible to take before the race begins. There are advantages and disadvantages to this approach, and if possible, it is far better to avoid the underlying causes of blistering.

5.1 Advantages of pre-taping

  • If you found no way of preventing the blisters then pre-taping may help.
  • Pre-taping is done on dry skin, so generally adhesion is much better.
  • And you can spend a lot more time doing the pre-taping than is possible or practical during the actual race.
  • Some adhesives seem to become stronger after a day or so.
  • Taping a day or two before the race allows you to check the taping fits correctly and is not going to cause a problem.

5.2 Disadvantages of pre-taping

  • It's harder to check if a blister is forming if you've pre-taped your feet. I've seen a number of runners who were convinced they had blisters when in fact it was just a hotspot.
  • The taping has to last for the full length of the race when you pre-tape, which can be a challenge for longer races. Always use an adhesive promoter when pre-taping.
  • It's possible for the tape to ruck up and actually cause a blister rather than prevent one. I've had tape come loose and migrate to a different part of the foot where it caused a blister that would never otherwise have occurred.
  • Your feet may swell during the race, and taping can cause constriction. This is especially a problem if you tape around a toe.

5.3 Approaches to pre-taping

There are two approaches to pre-taping; Spot taping and area taping. Spot taping is where you apply tape to a small area that is blister prone. I have found that this can be a useful approach if you have a particular vulnerability. Area taping involves applying tape to a large portion of the foot, creating what amounts to a tape-based sock. The advantages of area taping are that the edges of the tape are well away from the pressure zones. However, area taping is generally trickier to get right.

5.4 Tapes for pre-taping

You may find that different takes are appropriate for pre-taping, as there is no blister that requires protection. I generally prefer Micropore for pre-taping, as it is low friction and reduces any stretching forces on the skin.

6 Also See

7 References