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Ketone Levels

551 bytes added, 19:56, 16 June 2017
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* Urine ketone levels vary with the time of day, often being lower in the morning<ref name="Kossoff-2011-2274"/>
* The ratio between AcAc and Acetone appears reasonably constant, and is based on the spontaneous, one way decomposition of AcAc into Acetone<ref name="HayBond1967"/>.
* Ketone levels in the general population tend to rise from a low level during exercise, but those on a ketogenic diet will typically see their ketones fall from their normal elevated level during exercise<ref name="Balasse-1989"/>.
=Target Levels=
There are no well-defined targets for Ketone levels at which particular changes occur. The list below is a sampling of the levels I've found used.
=Example levels=
From "Physiological roles of ketone bodies as substrates and signals in mammalian tissues"<ref name="Robinson-1980"/>:
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
! Situation
! Ketone Levels (Blood levels of AcAc + BOHB)
=References=
<references>
<ref name="Balasse-1989">EO. Balasse, F. Féry, Ketone body production and disposal: effects of fasting, diabetes, and exercise., Diabetes Metab Rev, volume 5, issue 3, pages 247-70, May 1989, PMID [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2656155 2656155]</ref>
<ref name="HayBond1967">RW Hay, MA Bond, Kinetics of the Decarboxylation of Acetoacetic acid, Australian Journal of Chemistry, volume 20, issue 9, 1967, pages 1823, ISSN [http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0004-9425 0004-9425], doi [http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/CH9671823 10.1071/CH9671823]</ref>
<ref name="Robinson-1980"> AM. Robinson, DH. Williamson, Physiological roles of ketone bodies as substrates and signals in mammalian tissues., Physiol Rev, volume 60, issue 1, pages 143-87, Jan 1980, PMID [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6986618 6986618]</ref>

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