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Created page with "The Ketogenic Diet produces three types of Ketone. (Add diagram of the ketones and their relationships.)
{{Skeleton}}
There are three important ketones involved in [[Ketog..."
The [[Ketogenic Diet]] produces three types of Ketone. (Add diagram of the ketones and their relationships.)
{{Skeleton}}
There are three important ketones involved in [[Ketogenic Diet]]s.
* '''Acetoacetic acid (AcAc)'''. AcAc is the ketone that is produced by the liver from fats and can be metabolized to provide energy. It could be considered the most directly useful of these ketones to the human body. However, AcAc lowers the blood pH, causing potential acidosis. AcAC spontaneously decomposes into Acetone (half-life 11.7 hours at 27c)
* '''Acetone'''. Generally is often believed to be a waste product, but it has now shown to be metabolically active. It is excreted through the breath and urine, which can sometimes be detected as a fruity smell.
* '''Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB)'''. Unlike AcAc, BOHB is stable and AcAc is converted to and from BOHB in the liver and muscles. Technically BOHB is not a Ketone.
=Relative Ketone Levels=
* The ratio between AcAc and Acetone appears reasonably constant, and is based on the spontaneous, one way decomposition of AcAc into Acetone.
* The ratio of AcAc to BOHB is rather more varied and may change with [[Ketoadaptation]].
=Ketone Metabolism=
* [[Ketones]] are used by most tissues in the body with the exception of those cells that have few or no mitochondria. (more at A review of low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets)
* Cells with no mitochondria include erythrocytes, cornea, lens, and retina
* Cells with few mitochondria include renal medulla, testis, and leukocytes
* These cells are dependent on Glucose.
=Ketone Regulation=
[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2656157 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2656157]
{{KetoSeeAlso}}
=References=
<references>
Half life of AcAc is 11.7 hours at 27c - Kinetics of the Decarboxylation of Acetoacetic acid.pdf
[http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=CH9671823 http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=CH9671823]
</references>
{{Skeleton}}
There are three important ketones involved in [[Ketogenic Diet]]s.
* '''Acetoacetic acid (AcAc)'''. AcAc is the ketone that is produced by the liver from fats and can be metabolized to provide energy. It could be considered the most directly useful of these ketones to the human body. However, AcAc lowers the blood pH, causing potential acidosis. AcAC spontaneously decomposes into Acetone (half-life 11.7 hours at 27c)
* '''Acetone'''. Generally is often believed to be a waste product, but it has now shown to be metabolically active. It is excreted through the breath and urine, which can sometimes be detected as a fruity smell.
* '''Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB)'''. Unlike AcAc, BOHB is stable and AcAc is converted to and from BOHB in the liver and muscles. Technically BOHB is not a Ketone.
=Relative Ketone Levels=
* The ratio between AcAc and Acetone appears reasonably constant, and is based on the spontaneous, one way decomposition of AcAc into Acetone.
* The ratio of AcAc to BOHB is rather more varied and may change with [[Ketoadaptation]].
=Ketone Metabolism=
* [[Ketones]] are used by most tissues in the body with the exception of those cells that have few or no mitochondria. (more at A review of low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets)
* Cells with no mitochondria include erythrocytes, cornea, lens, and retina
* Cells with few mitochondria include renal medulla, testis, and leukocytes
* These cells are dependent on Glucose.
=Ketone Regulation=
[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2656157 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2656157]
{{KetoSeeAlso}}
=References=
<references>
Half life of AcAc is 11.7 hours at 27c - Kinetics of the Decarboxylation of Acetoacetic acid.pdf
[http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=CH9671823 http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=CH9671823]
</references>