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These are some tips to help you train for your first 100 mile race. This is a tough distance; it is hard to overstate the difficulty that is faced. This difficulty is compounded by the fact that there is little lore around training for a 100 mile race. Ultrarunning is where marathon running was in the 70's; an emerging sport. Today we have a vast number of marathon training plans to choose from, and maybe one day there will be a similar number of ultramarathon training plans. Until then, there are just some personal opinions, such as this.
Note that this article is focused on training for the 100 mile distance. You should read [[Essential Ultrarunning Tips]] and the other ultra specific tips as well.
I'd like to thank Fred "Doom" Dummar and XtremeTaper for their help with this article.
== Low Mileage, High Quality ==
Running high weekly mileage in itself will not help you. Running 5 miles, three times a day, seven days a week will just wear your body out, without really providing results. I highly recommend running only four days a week (see [[How Often To Run]]). Each of your runs should have a purpose, and the purpose should not be the simple addition of miles. You should understand [[Supercompensation]]. Doing a 16 mile run and having the next day off is far better than running 8 miles a day. The weekly mileage you do may be considered high as a consequence of your long runs, but this should not a goal. I consider myself a 'low mileage, high quality' runner even though I do 90-100 miles per week.
== Long Runs ==
This is core of your preparation. For most people, it is impractical to do very long training runs (> 50 miles), and the benefits are unclear (they may help, but so few people do these runs, there is not even much anecdotal evidence). Instead, I think you should have three components to your long running; base, ultra-long and doubles.
* '''Base.''' You should start your 100 mile preparation with a base of doing a long run of at least 20 miles each week.
* '''Ultra-long runs.''' You should aim to do extra long runs of 30-40+ miles every 2-3 weeks. I have used these extra long runs as a practice for the race. I will practice things like run/walk patterns, what to eat, etc. Doing the ultra-long runs more frequently is better, ideally every week, but time constraints may make that impractical. A shorter ultra can work well as preparation for a 100. (If you have not completed several 50 mile races, I would advise against trying a 100.)
* '''Doubles.''' Running two long runs close together helps create some of the training stress of a longer run. I would suggest a 20 mile run followed by a 30 mile run the next day, or a 20 mile run in the morning followed by another 20 mile run in the evening. You can do three long runs close together, but be very careful that you don't push your body too far.
== Overnight Runs ==
For most runners, a 100 mile race will last for most, if not all, of the night. It is critical to prepare for this overnight section. You should aim to do at least one run that lasts most of the night, ideally from dusk to dawn. In preparation for this, you should do a few runs in darkness, so that you work out the logistics of lights, etc. (See [[Running in the Dark]]) The overnight run will help prepare you for the [[sleep deprivation]] and psychological difficulty. Pace for the overnight run is not critical - it is better to walk for most of the night than to run for just some of it.
It is also sometimes helpful to change your mental outlook while running at night. Being the meanest (or fastest) thing in the woods might be a beneficial way to approach your running through the woods at night.
== Downhill Running ==
Even if your 100 mile race is flat (and nor many are), you should practice downhill running. It is the downhill running that builds up resistance to muscle fatigue. Read [[Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness]] for more details.
== Walk ==
It seems that walking should be easy, but this is not the case in a 100 mile race. If you walk only 20% of the race, you still have to walk 20 miles. If you have not trained to walk, you are likely to have a problem. Walking uses different muscles, and puts different stresses on the foot. With practice, you can improve your walking speed significantly. You do not need to learn to race walk, but being able to walk 20+ miles at 15-20 min/mile pace will help greatly.
== Eating ==
Foods that taste good in a marathon or even a 50 mile race will likely not work for you in a 100 mile race, unless you are extremely lucky and well trained. Most racing fuels (Gels, etc.) and drinks (Gatorade) for the marathon and shorter distances are digested very fast, and while some are better than others, all will turn your digestive system acidic over time. An acid stomach will cause you to slow your intake of fuel or may lead to vomiting, etc. You can take care of your stomach with small amounts of fat, and protein to maintain the PH of your intestinal tract. The amount and types of protein and fat is highly individual as is the time to start introducing them into your race fueling strategy, so you will need to experiment on your longer runs to determine what works for you.
== Practice Races ==
Before contemplating a 100 mile race, you should have completed a number of shorter races in the 40 mile to 100K range. This will give you experience not only of running that distance, but the logistics of racing. A race that you will complete after sunset is especially beneficial, as the transition to darkness can be hard logistically and psychologically.
== Speed work ==
It sounds strange to include speed work when thinking about a 100 mile race, but it is still important. A little speed work will allow you to run faster with the same perceived effort. That means you spend less time in the race. That's less footsteps, which reduces the stress on your body and the likelihood of blisters. Being faster also means a lower heart rate at a given pace. Lowering your heart rate makes digestion easier, which is critical.
== Practice ==
You should look to practice as many aspects of the race as possible.
* Try to run on similar terrain (ideally the course itself).
* It is critically important to practice eating.
* Practice running overnight.
* If the race is at altitude, you need to acclimate and train at altitude.
Look for anything you can do to recreate aspects of the race.
== Understand what it takes to finish ==
A 100 mile runner finishes with a tough mental outlook (run at night), with strong feet, and by fueling the machine. If you know you will not quit, have overcome obstacles like navigation errors and fear of the woods at night, can keep your feet from becoming blistered to the point of keeping you from moving, and can keep fuel and fluids going into your body then you will finish.