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=Glycogen Depletion and Breathing Rate=
It requires more oxygen to produce energy from fat than carbohydrate<ref name="vent"/>. This may be why higher intensity exercise harder shifts to burning more carbohydrate. When our muscles become depleted of glycogen, muscles are forced to burn more fat. At any given exercise intensity we will use more oxygen when we are glycogen depleted. This means our [[Heart Rate]] will be higher and out [[Breathing]] will be deeper and faster. It also means our perceived exertion is much higher for a given pace when glycogen depleted. This effect is most noticeable at the end of a long run or a marathon race, and it becomes much harder to stay on target pace. In fact, it can become up to 20% harder and this can be the difference between relaxed easy [[Breathing]] and panting for breath. This [[Heart Rate Drift| increased demand for oxygen]] can often be seen in the [[Running Efficiency Calculator|calculated running efficiency]]. In addition, the amount of O<sub>2</sub> that is extracted from the air is lower with glycogen depletion, probably because breathing rate is driven by CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations<ref name="KyrPullinen2000"/>.
[[File:Ventilatory response and glycogen depletion.jpg|none|thumb|400px|This graph <ref name="vent"/> shows the relationship between a cyclist's power output and their breathing rate in normal and glycogen depleted states.]]
<ref name="plowman-2007"> Sharon A. Plowman, Denise L. Smith, Exercise physiology for health, fitness, and performanc, date 2007, publisher Lippincott Williams Wilkins, location Baltimore, MD, isbn 0-7817-8406-9</ref>
<ref name="LoonGreenhaff2001">Luc J. C. van Loon, Paul L. Greenhaff, D. Constantin-Teodosiu, Wim H. M. Saris, Anton J. M. Wagenmakers, The effects of increasing exercise intensity on muscle fuel utilisation in humans, The Journal of Physiology, volume 536, issue 1, 2001, pages 295–304, ISSN [http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-3751 0022-3751], doi [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00295.x 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00295.x]</ref>
<ref name="KyrPullinen2000">H. Kyröläinen, T. Pullinen, R. Candau, J. Avela, P. Huttunen, P. V. Komi, Effects of marathon running on running economy and kinematics, European Journal of Applied Physiology, volume 82, issue 4, 2000, pages 297–304, ISSN [http://www.worldcat.org/issn/1439-6319 1439-6319], doi [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210000219 10.1007/s004210000219]</ref>
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